The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Executive Dysfunction and the Course of Geriatric Depression
Abstract
Background Executive dysfunction is common in geriatric depression and persists after improvement of depressive symptoms. This study examined the relationship of executive impairment to the course of depressive symptoms among elderly patients with major depression.Methods A total of 112 nondemented elderly patients with major depression participated in an 8-week citalopram trial at a target daily dose of 40 mg. Executive functions were assessed with the initiation/perseveration subscale of the Dementia Rating Scale and the Stroop Color-Word test. Medical burden was rated with the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale.Results Both abnormal initiation/perseveration and abnormal Stroop Color-Word scores were associated with an unfavorable response of geriatric depression to citalopram. In particular, initiation/perseveration scores below the median (< or =35) and Stroop scores at the lowest quartile (< or =22) predicted limited change in depressive symptoms. Impairment in other Dementia Rating Scale cognitive domains did not significantly influence the outcome of depression.Conclusions Executive dysfunction increases the risk for poor response of geriatric depression to citalopram. Because executive functions require frontostriatal-limbic integrity, this observation provides the rationale for investigation of the role of specific frontostriatal-limbic pathways in perpetuating geriatric depression. Depressed elderly patients with executive dysfunction require vigilant clinical attention because they might be at risk to fail treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressant.
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“One study found response inhibition to predict 8-week treatment (22–23) and 4-month treatment response (24)”
From Neurocognitive Correlates of Response to Treatment in Late-Life Depression (2008) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
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1 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
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Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults with Traumatic Brain Injuries
Goldstein, F. C., & Levin, H. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0784-7_17
Course and outcomes of depression in the elderly
Kohn, R., & Epstein-Lubow, G. P. (1996) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-996-0060-9
Current awareness in geriatric psychiatry
(2006) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1479
Posner, J. E., Greenhill, L. L., & Nelson, J. C. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118753378.ch108
Executive Dysfunction and the Course of Geriatric Depression
Gueits, C., Marpuri, P., & Tampi, R. R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-94960-0_32
Peripheral biomarkers in major depressive disorders
Lazáry, J., Miezah, D., Moustafa, A. A., & Kéri, S. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817676-4.00001-8
Chapter 9. Depressive Disorders
Andrews, P., & Taylor, W. D. (2022) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375196.ds09
Evolution of ToM abilities among older adults and the elder.Preprint
Iglesias-Pazo, L., Pellicena, M. À., Valero-García, J., Ivern, I., & Vila-Rovira, J. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2878340/v1
Schurr, M. S., Chen, Y. T., Raue, P. J., Areán, P. A., Alexopoulos, G. S., & Renn, B. N. (2025) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Open Science Education and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.osep.2025.04.002
“3,4 Executive dysfunction is associated with poor response to antidepressant medication, 5,6 yet it is unclear to what extent cognitive performance influences psychotherapy outcome among older adults.”
Steffens, D. C. (2025) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2025.07.004
The relationship between cognition and the pharmacotherapy of depression
Ainsworth, N. J., & Mulsant, B. H. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/14656566.2025.2605201
“In particular, deficits in executive function are associated with less improvement in depressive symptoms following pharmacotherapy, with this relationship being more pronounced in older adults [9,21].”
Morimoto, S. S., Lindbergh, C. A., Conley, A. C., Jones, D. R., & Steffens, D. C. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.94246
Morimoto, S. S., Lindbergh, C. A., Conley, A. C., Jones, D. R., & Steffens, D. C. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/94246
Amieva, H., Dussartre, M., Philipps, V., Rouanet, A., Dufouil, C., Jacqmin‐Gadda, H., Dartigues, J., Pérès, K., Samieri, C., Catheline, G., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70385
Shi, D., Ahmed, T., Göke, K., Nestor, S. M., Trevizol, A. P., Mah, L., Rajji, T. K., Lee, H. H., Daskalakis, Z. J., Downar, J. H., et al. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.05.016
Aging, Cognitive Decline, and Depression
Choo, I. H., & Yoon, B.-H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-1331-3_6
Vascular risk and depression in outpatients at Groote Schuur Hospital memory clinic
Kinnear, H. (2009) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town)
Metadata
- Authors
- Alexopoulos, G. S., Kiosses, D. N., Heo, M., Murphy, C. F., Shanmugham, B., & Gunning-Dixon, F.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Alexopoulos, George S.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 204-210
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030120831
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH068638, R01-MH51842, R01MH042819, R01MH065653)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- executive dysfunction, geriatric depression, citalopram, treatment response prediction, Stroop task, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, medical burden, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antidepressive Agents, Demography, Depression, Female, Humans, Learning Disabilities, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Problem Solving, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Time Factors, Citalopram, Geriatric Assessment, Multivariate Analysis
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