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Cited by 127Stress Responses and CortisolTreatment of Major DepressionSchizophrenia research and treatment

The neuropsychological profile of psychotic major depression and its relation to cortisol

Gomez, Rowena G., Fleming, Shelley H., Keller, Jennifer, Flores, Benjamin, Kenna, Heather, DeBattista, Charles, Solvason, Brent, Schatzberg, Alan F.·2006·Biological Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.010
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Abstract

Background Our study described the neuropsychological profile of psychotic major depression (PMD) compared to nonpsychotic major depression (NPMD) patients and psychiatrically healthy controls (HC). We predicted that higher cortisol levels would be associated with greater cognitive deficits.Methods Twenty-nine PMDs, 24 NPMDs, and 26 HCs were recruited at Stanford University Medical Center. Psychiatric ratings, cortisol levels from 1800-0900 hours, and neuropsychological test data were obtained.Results PMDs had more severe cognitive impairments compared with NPMDs and HCs with the exception of simple verbal attention. PMDs had elevated mean cortisol levels from 1800 to 0100 hours which were significantly correlated with poorer verbal memory and psychomotor speed performance. Cortisol slopes from 1800 to 0100 hours were also significantly correlated with verbal memory and working memory.Conclusions While PMDs' ability to attend passively to information appears intact, they have more difficulty processing, manipulating, and encoding new information. Elevated cortisol levels, as seen in PMD patients, are associated with poorer cognitive performance especially related to verbal memory for lists of words and working memory.

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  • The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder is related to several neurobiological changes, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis malfunction and consequent increase or decrease in basal cortisol levels.

    “The pathophysiology of MDD is related to several neurobiological changes, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis malfunction and consequent increase [2][3][4] or decrease [5][6][7] in basal cortisol levels.”

    From Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors
Gomez, R. G., Fleming, S. H., Keller, J., Flores, B., Kenna, H., DeBattista, C., Solvason, B., & Schatzberg, A. F.
Affiliations
Stanford Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Gomez, Rowena G.
ORCID
Venue
Biological Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-09
Volume
60
Issue
5
Pages
472-478
ISSN
0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.010
OpenAlex
W2073044473
Cited by
127
References
41
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH050604, MH50604)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR 00 070, M01RR000070)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Keywords
psychotic depression, cortisol, neuropsychological profile, cognitive impairment, verbal memory, working memory, psychomotor speed, attention, diurnal cortisol rhythm
MeSH terms
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychotic Disorders, Reference Values, Severity of Illness Index, Verbal Learning

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