Posttraumatic stress disorder and impaired autonomic modulation in male twins

Shah, Amit J.; Lampert, Rachel; Goldberg, Jack; Veledar, Emir; Bremner, J. Douglas; Vaccarino, Viola

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.019

Cited by 192Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchCardiac Health and Mental Health

Posttraumatic stress disorder and impaired autonomic modulation in male twins

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Shah, Amit J., Lampert, Rachel, Goldberg, Jack, Veledar, Emir, Bremner, J. Douglas, Vaccarino, Viola·2013·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.019PMC PMC3648627

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Abstract

Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to increased morbidity. An inflexibility of the autonomic nervous system might be the underlying mechanism. We aimed to assess whether PTSD and combat trauma exposure are associated with lower heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of autonomic function and a predictor of death.Methods We measured HRV by power spectral analysis on 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram in 459 middle-aged veteran male twins. Combat trauma was assessed with the combat exposure scale, and current and remitted PTSD was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatry Disorders. Mixed-effects regression models were used to test associations of PTSD and HRV between and within twin pairs.Results Of all twins, 211 had combat exposure, 31 had current PTSD, and 43 had remitted PTSD. Current PTSD was inversely associated with very-low-frequency and low-frequency HRV both in individual twins and within 20 pairs discordant for current PTSD. Twins with current PTSD had a 49% lower low-frequency HRV than their brothers without PTSD (p<.001). Remitted PTSD was not associated with HRV. Results were robust to adjustment for depression and other risk factors. Combat exposure was inversely associated with most HRV frequencies, but this association mostly diminished after adjustment for current PTSD.Conclusion In middle-aged veteran men, combat exposure and current PTSD are associated with measures of autonomic inflexibility previously shown to have prognostic significance. The negative health impact of combat exposure on autonomic function is mediated largely through PTSD and might reverse with remission of PTSD.

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At least a portion of the negative health consequences of PTSD may be reversible if treated early.
“This suggests that at least a portion of the negative health consequences of PTSD may be reversible if treated early (Shah et al., 2013).”
From Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging (2015) · cites this paper as Shah et al., 2013
The Discussion reports that remitted PTSD was not associated with impaired autonomic function, suggesting possible reversibility after PTSD symptoms resolve. The paper does not establish that early treatment produces remission or reverses broader negative health consequences; its finding concerns autonomic function in middle-aged male veterans. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
HRV is used to gauge psychological distress, such as PTSD.
“is used to gauge psychological distress, such as PTSD [63]”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [63]
The Introduction describes HRV as an indicator of autonomic function, and the Results (PTSD and HRV) report lower LF and VLF HRV in twins with current PTSD. The paper therefore supports an association with PTSD, but it does not say HRV is used to gauge psychological distress or diagnose PTSD; remitted PTSD was not associated with lower HRV. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Heart rate variability (HRV) quantitatively assesses variation in heartbeat intervals.
“HRV, which quantitatively assesses variation in heartbeat intervals”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [63]

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The association between serotonin transporter availability and the neural correlates of fear bradycardia
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Combining Trauma Script Exposure With rTMS to Reduce Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial
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A dimensional approach to functional movement disorders: Heresy or opportunity
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Alterations in heart rate variability are associated with abnormal myocardial perfusion
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Heart Rate Variability, Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate, and Death: A Veteran Twins Study
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Impact of acute antioxidant supplementation on vascular function and autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults with PTSD
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Prediction of short-term health outcomes in preterm neonates from heart-rate variability and blood pressure using boosted decision trees
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Abstract 17013: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Adverse Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability in Veteran Twins
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Authors: Shah, A. J., Lampert, R., Goldberg, J., Veledar, E., Bremner, J. D., & Vaccarino, V.
Affiliations: Emory University (US)
Yale University (US)
University of Washington (US)
Atlanta VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Vaccarino, Viola
ORCID: Shah, Amit J.
Lampert, Rachel
Goldberg, Jack
Veledar, Emir
Bremner, J. Douglas
Vaccarino, Viola
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-06
Volume: 73
Issue: 11
Pages: 1103-1110
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.019
PMC: PMC3648627
OpenAlex: W1968036378
Cited by: 192
References: 55
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 4
FWCI: 11.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Florida International University Digital Commons (Florida International University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000454)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG026255)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL068630, K24HL077506, R21HL093665, R01HL088726)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056120, K24MH076955)
National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000039)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system, veterans, twin discordance, middle-aged men, Holter monitoring
MeSH terms: Combat Disorders, Diseases in Twins, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory

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