Intima-media thickness and age of first depressive episode
Open accessAbstract
Background Late life depression, including patients with vascular depression, has been associated with higher levels of intima-media thickness (IMT). Although individuals with vascular depression tend to report a later onset of depression, the relationship of IMT and age of first depressive episode is uncertain in younger adults. We therefore investigated the relationship between IMT and age of first depressive episode in a sample of 202 adults (age range 40-81 years) with major depression (MDD).Methods Depression status was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview Schedule and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Patients underwent a physical examination in which a medical history was obtained. IMT was measured from the left and right common carotid arteries. Simple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between IMT and self-reported age of first depressive episode.Results IMT was associated with a later onset of first major depressive episode (b=.225, P=.0005) and this association remained significant after controlling for age, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, smoking pack years, physical activity, high- and low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, triglyceride levels, and history of chronic medical conditions (b=.142, P=.028). Each .10mm increase in IMT was associated with a 2.6-year later reported occurrence of first major depressive episode (MDE). Similarly, higher levels of IMT were associated with fewer previous MDEs (b=-.149, P=.020) and this effect remained significant in our multivariate model (b=-.140, P=.030). In contrast, IMT was not associated with current depressive severity (b=-.024, P=.720).Conclusions Greater levels of IMT are associated with a later onset of depression and fewer previous depressive episodes among middle-aged and older adults, independent of cardiovascular co-morbidities. These findings provide preliminary evidence that increased vascular burden may be associated with a later onset of depression.
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Late-onset depression has been associated with family history of vascular disease and atherosclerosis.
“In addition, late-onset depression has been associated with family history of vascular disease7 and atherosclerosis.11, 12”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [12]
Subclinical vascular dysregulations, such as atherosclerosis, have been found to relate to late-onset depression.
“subclinical vascular dysregulations, such as atherosclerosis, have been found to relate to late-onset depression.11, 12”
From Association of depressive disorders, depression characteristics and antidepressant medication with inflammation (2012) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Doraiswamy, P. M., Hinderliter, A., Hoffman, B. M., Waugh, R., & Sherwood, A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Patrick J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 361-364
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2690231
- OpenAlex
- W2070851857
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL080664-01A1, R01HL080664)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH49679, R01MH049679)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR 30)
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- intima-media thickness, major depressive disorder, geriatric depression, vascular depression, vascular burden, carotid artery, middle-aged and older adults, depression recurrence, cardiovascular comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cholesterol, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Vascular Diseases, Carotid Artery, Common, Tunica Intima, Age of Onset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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