Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater
Abstract
Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Conventional treatment technologies for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution are not economical and generate huge quantity of toxic chemical sludge. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive non-living biomass of microbial or plant origin is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. Due to unique chemical composition biomass sequesters metal ions by forming metal complexes from solution and obviates the necessity to maintain special growth-supporting conditions. Biomass of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus nigricans, Ascophyllum nodosum, Sargassum natans, Chlorella fusca, Oscillatoria anguistissima, Bacillus firmus and Streptomyces sp. have highest metal adsorption capacities ranging from 5 to 641 mg g(-1) mainly for Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni. Biomass generated as a by-product of fermentative processes offers great potential for adopting an economical metal-recovery system. The purpose of this paper is to review the available information on various attributes of utilization of microbial and plant derived biomass and explores the possibility of exploiting them for heavy metal remediation.
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Many heavy metal salts exhibit water solubility and readily dissolve in wastewater, rendering them incapable of being extracted by physically separated techniques.
“Many heavy metal salts exhibit water solubility and readily dissolve in wastewater, rendering them incapable of being extracted by physically separated techniques.165,167”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [167]
These conventional approaches lose effectiveness when heavy metals exceed 100 milligrams per liter.
“However, these approaches lose effectiveness when heavy metals exceed 100 milligrams per liter.”
From Emerging nanotechnology approaches for sustainable water treatment and heavy metals removal: a comprehensive review (2025) · cites this paper as [167]
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- Authors
- Ahluwalia, S. S., & Goyal, D.
- Affiliations
- Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Goyal, Dinesh
- ORCID
- Goyal, Dinesh
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2243-2257
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983391943
- Cited by
- 1,586
- References
- 159
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 135 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 123 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 90 · 2014: 107 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 97
- FWCI
- 5.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Keywords
- heavy metal removal, biosorption, microbial biomass, plant biomass, wastewater treatment, metal recovery, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus nigricans, Ascophyllum nodosum, Sargassum natans, Chlorella fusca, Bacillus firmus, Streptomyces, lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Bacteria, Plants, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biomass, Metals, Heavy
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