Influence of sewage sludge-based activated carbon and temperature on the liquefaction of sewage sludge: Yield and composition of bio-oil, immobilization and risk assessment of heavy metals
Abstract
The influence of sewage sludge-based activated carbons (SSAC) on sewage sludge liquefaction has been carried out at 350 and 400°C. SSAC increased the yield and energy density of bio-oil at 350°C. The metallic compounds were the catalytic factor of SSAC obtained at 550°C (SSAC-550), while carbon was the catalytic factor of SSAC obtained at 650°C. Liquefaction with SSAC redistributed the species of heavy metals in solid residue (SR). With the addition of SSAC, the risk of Cu, Zn and Pb decreased at 350°C, while at 400°C the risk of Cd, Cu, and Zn were decreased. Ecological risk index indicated that 400°C was preferable for the toxicity decrement of SR, while risk assessment code indicated that SR obtained at 350°C contained lower risk. Considering the bio-oil yield, liquefaction at 350°C with SSAC-550 was preferable.
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Other feedstocks used in HTL include lignin with 45 occurrences, lignocellulosic biomass with 28 occurrences, and sewage sludge with 48 occurrences.
“In addition, other feedstocks have been used in the HTL, such as lignin and lignocellulosic biomass, with 45 and 28 occurrences respectively [28–32], and sewage sludge, with 48 [16, 33–36].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- Zhai, Y., Chen, H., Xu, B., Xiang, B., Chen, Z., Li, C., & Zeng, G.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhai, Yunbo
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 159
- Pages
- 72-79
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017193139
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (11JJ2032)
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0169)
- The Scientific and Technological Project of Hunan Province in China (2013FJ4040)
- Scientific Research Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Keywords
- bio-oil yield, heavy metal immobilization, liquefaction temperature, solid residue, environmental risk assessment, risk assessment code, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, energy density
- MeSH terms
- Biotechnology, Catalysis, Charcoal, Nitrogen, Oils, Sewage, Temperature, Risk Assessment, Metals, Heavy, Biofuels
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