The migration and transformation behavior of heavy metals during the liquefaction process of sewage sludge
Abstract
Bio-oils and bio-chars were obtained from sewage sludge (SS) by liquefaction with ethanol (or acetone) as the solvent at the temperature of 280, 320 and 360°C. The migration and transformation of HMs as Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni during liquefaction were thoroughly investigated. Meanwhile, the environmental risk of HMs in the bio-oils and bio-chars was assessed according to the risk assessment code (RAC). The results showed that the liquefaction solvent and temperature significantly affected the redistribution of HMs. HMs distributed mainly into the bio-chars, with less than 10% into the bio-oils. Increasing liquefaction temperature would promote a higher HM content in bio-oils. The environmental risk of HMs in bio-chars was mitigated compared to SS, especially for Ni. However, the environmental risk of Zn and Ni in bio-oils was undesirably high in comparison with bio-chars. It was suggested that the bio-oil should be pretreated before utilization.
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Other feedstocks used in HTL include lignin with 45 occurrences, lignocellulosic biomass with 28 occurrences, and sewage sludge with 48 occurrences.
“In addition, other feedstocks have been used in the HTL, such as lignin and lignocellulosic biomass, with 45 and 28 occurrences respectively [28–32], and sewage sludge, with 48 [16, 33–36].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Leng, L., Yuan, X., Huang, H., Jiang, H., Chen, X., & Zeng, G.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University (CN)
- Jiangxi Agricultural University (CN)
- Central South University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yuan, Xingzhong
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 167
- Pages
- 144-150
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028004343
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Keywords
- heavy metal migration, bio-oil, biochar, ethanol solvent, acetone, liquefaction temperature, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, environmental risk assessment, heavy metal transformation
- MeSH terms
- Charcoal, Environment, Chemical Fractionation, Oils, Sewage, Water Purification, Risk Assessment, Metals, Heavy
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