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Influence of sewage sludge-based activated carbon and temperature on the liquefaction of sewage sludge: Yield and composition of bio-oil, immobilization and risk assessment of heavy metals
Abstract
The influence of sewage sludge-based activated carbons (SSAC) on sewage sludge liquefaction has been carried out at 350 and 400°C. SSAC increased the yield and energy density of bio-oil at 350°C. The metallic compounds were the catalytic factor of SSAC obtained at 550°C (SSAC-550), while carbon was the catalytic factor of SSAC obtained at 650°C. Liquefaction with SSAC redistributed the species of heavy metals in solid residue (SR). With the addition of SSAC, the risk of Cu, Zn and Pb decreased at 350°C, while at 400°C the risk of Cd, Cu, and Zn were decreased. Ecological risk index indicated that 400°C was preferable for the toxicity decrement of SR, while risk assessment code indicated that SR obtained at 350°C contained lower risk. Considering the bio-oil yield, liquefaction at 350°C with SSAC-550 was preferable.
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“In addition, other feedstocks have been used in the HTL, such as lignin and lignocellulosic biomass, with 45 and 28 occurrences respectively [28–32], and sewage sludge, with 48 [16, 33–36].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhai, Y., Chen, H., Xu, B., Xiang, B., Chen, Z., Li, C., & Zeng, G.
- Affiliations
- Hunan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhai, Yunbo
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 159
- Pages
- 72-79
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017193139
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 7.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (11JJ2032)
- Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0169)
- The Scientific and Technological Project of Hunan Province in China (2013FJ4040)
- Scientific Research Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Coal Properties and Utilization
- Keywords
- bio-oil yield, heavy metal immobilization, liquefaction temperature, solid residue, environmental risk assessment, risk assessment code, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, energy density
- MeSH terms
- Biotechnology, Catalysis, Charcoal, Nitrogen, Oils, Sewage, Temperature, Risk Assessment, Metals, Heavy, Biofuels
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