The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using green alga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid co-production: Advances and outlook
Abstract
Astaxanthin is one of the secondary carotenoids involved in mediating abiotic stress of microalgae. As an important antioxidant and nutraceutical compound, astaxanthin is widely applied in dietary supplements and cosmetic ingredients. However, most astaxanthin in the market is chemically synthesized, which are structurally heterogeneous and inefficient for biological uptake. Astaxanthin refinery from Haematococcus pluvialis is now a growing industrial sector. H. pluvialis can accumulate astaxanthin to ∼5% of dry weight. As productivity is a key metric to evaluate the production feasibility, understanding the biological mechanisms of astaxanthin accumulation is beneficial for further production optimization. In this review, the biosynthesis mechanism of astaxanthin and production strategies are summarized. The current research on enhancing astaxanthin accumulation and the potential joint-production of astaxanthin with lipids was also discussed. It is conceivable that with further improvement on the productivity of astaxanthin and by-products, the algal-derived astaxanthin would be more accessible to low-profit applications.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition to neutralizing singlet oxygen, astaxanthin is an excellent scavenger of harmful free radicals [72,73].”
From Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“Depending on the conditions of cultivation, the production of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis might range from 3.8 to 5.0% dw [34,73,75,76].”
From Challenges in Functional Food Products with the Incorporation of Some Microalgae (2024) · cites this paper as [73]
Citations
Cites
Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components
Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., & Falkowski, P. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.237 · Cited by 6,371
Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review
Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Caetano, N. S. (2010) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.020 · Cited by 5,685
Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: Health benefits throughout life
Swanson, D., Block, R., & Mousa, S. A. (2012) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.111.000893 · Cited by 1,575
THE 1-DEOXY-D-XYLULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY OF ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS
Lichtenthaler, H. K. (1999) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.47 · Cited by 1,420
Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications
Higuera-Ciapara, I., Félix-Valenzuela, L., & Goycoolea, F. M. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408690590957188 · Cited by 1,287
Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants
Nisar, N., Li, L., Lu, S., Khin, N. C., & Pogson, B. J. (2015) · Molecular Plant · doi:10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.007 · Cited by 1,286
A review on feedstocks, production processes, and yield for different generations of biodiesel
Singh), D. S. (., Sharma, D., Soni, S. L., Sharma, S., Sharma, P. K., & Jhalani, A. (2019) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116553 · Cited by 1,059
Shah, M. M. R., Liang, Y., Cheng, J. J., & Daroch, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00531 · Cited by 940
Bioremediation of heavy metals using microalgae: Recent advances and mechanisms
Leong, Y. K., & Chang, J.-S. (2020) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122886 · Cited by 874
Juneja, A., Ceballos, R., & Murthy, G. (2013) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en6094607 · Cited by 835
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Blanken, 2016, Predicting microalgae growth. Algal Research, 14, 28
- Han, 2020, Astaxanthin biosynthesis promotion with pH shock in the green microalga, Haematococcus lacustris. Bioresour Technol, 314
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–157 of 157
Li, Z., He, L., Song, Y., Tang, D., Feng, F., Cha, S., Hong, T., Zheng, M., Du, X., Zhu, Y., et al. (2025) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2025.104883 · Cited by 3
Dong, S., Huang, F., Zheng, Y., Lin, L., Li, Y., Zou, X., & Hu, Z. (2025) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.743520 · Cited by 3
Sun, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, R., Zhang, J., Guo, M., Yan, W., & Gao, X. (2026) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-026-08577-9 · Cited by 3
Basher, A. A., Ibrahim, N. A., Liu, H.-Y., Basher, N. S., Essa, M. O. A., Husien, H. M., Adam, S. Y., & Cai, D. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15050575 · Cited by 3
Güler, B. A., & İmamoğlu, E. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2901-6_8 · Cited by 3
Álvarez‐Castillo, E., Oliveira, S., Bengoechea, C., de Sousa, I. M. N., Raymundo, A., & Guerrero, A. F. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151512088 · Cited by 3
Astaxanthin and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Research
Safahi, S. E., & Lotfabadi, N. N. (2024) · International journal of new findings in health and educational sciences (IJHES). · doi:10.63053/ijhes.82 · Cited by 3
Lee, J.-W., Lee, M., Nam, K., Chun, S.-J., Oh, H., Jin, E., & Lee, H. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103767 · Cited by 3
Meng, X., Li, X., Ma, R., Lin, W., Zou, Y., Wang, B., Ho, S., Chen, J., & Xie, Y. (2025) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2025.103974 · Cited by 3
Metabolic engineering of apple callus and tobacco leaf for astaxanthin production
Jia, D., Fan, L., Chen, L., Dang, Q., Han, D. M., Jia, K., Nie, J., Liu, G., & Yuan, Y. (2025) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120951 · Cited by 3
Tan, Y. H., Chai, M. K., Ooi, Y. K., & Wong, L. S. (2022) · Pertanika journal of science & technology · doi:10.47836/pjst.30.1.31 · Cited by 3
Characterization, stability, and skin application of astaxanthin particulates
Ai, M., Kanai, R., Todo, H., Tomita, J., Tanikawa, T., & Inoue, Y. (2024) · AAPS Open · doi:10.1186/s41120-024-00099-8 · Cited by 3
Hu, Y., Duan, Y., Zhang, Y., Ma, L., Zhai, Y., Chen, W., Long, L., Bai, W., Shen, Y., Chen, L., et al. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.163556 · Cited by 2
Zhu, Q., Liu, X., Pan, W., Chen, X., Zuo, Y., Liu, X., Xu, Y., McClements, D. J., & Liu, C. (2025) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2025.139057 · Cited by 2
Guo, S., Pan, F., Li, F., Wang, J., Xie, D., Ke, H., Huang, H., Cai, J., Wang, C., & Cai, M. (2025) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06625 · Cited by 2
Unravelling the Potential of Microbial Carotenoids in Fish Health and Productivity
Naik, T. J., Roy, R., & Salgaonkar, B. B. (2025) · Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition · doi:10.1111/jpn.70037 · Cited by 2
Rudnicki, P., Wiewiórski, P., Kowalik, A., & Kaleta, J. (2026) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr14081230 · Cited by 3
Ma, R., Chen, Z., Liu, J., Meng, X., Tao, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, L., Lu, K., Li, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/jpy.70165 · Cited by 2
Environmental Impacts Related to Upstream and Downstream Processing of Haematococcus pluvialis
Schneider, A. T., Dias, R. R., Deprá, M. C., Dutra, D. A., Zepka, L. Q., & Lopes, E. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2901-6_11 · Cited by 1
Sestric, R., Hacke, A. C. M., Sorensen, J. L., & Levin, D. B. (2025) · Bioresource Technology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2025.102091 · Cited by 1
Lai, H., Yu, Q., Liu, Y., Liang, Z., Li, Y., Pan, J., & Gao, J. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135755 · Cited by 1
Optimising Extraction Methods for Enhanced Lipid Recovery from Macroalgae
Bhernama, B. G., Muchlisin, Z. A., Febriani, & Iqbalsyah, T. M. (2025) · Journal of Oleo Science · doi:10.5650/jos.ess25136 · Cited by 1
Nutritional Studies and Optimization of Biomass from Unicellular Microalgae Haematococcus sp.
Selvan, S. T., & Muthusamy, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2901-6_2 · Cited by 1
Tapiero, D. Y. M., Rentería, M. A. M., & Kurmen, J. E. C. (2024) · Revista Mutis · doi:10.21789/22561498.2044 · Cited by 1
Enfoques basados en microalgas para superar los efectos de la pandemia por COVID-19
Núñez-Montero, K., Guerrero-Barrantes, M., & Gómez-Espinoza, O. (2022) · Revista Tecnología en Marcha · doi:10.18845/tm.v35i5.6190 · Cited by 1
Olaniran, A. F., Folorunsho, J. O., Akinsanola, B. A., Taiwo, A. E., Iranloye, Y. M., Okonkwo, C. E., & Osemwegie, O. O. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119857860.ch4 · Cited by 8
Bet hedging in a unicellular microalgaPreprint
Tang, S., Liu, Y., Hammerschmidt, K., Zhu, J., Cheng, X., Liu, L., Zhou, J., & Cai, Z. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.09.08.556835 · Cited by 1
Yan, H., Ma, H., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, J., Jia, Q., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1147317/v1
Sestric, R., & Levin, D. B. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4201343
Algae Utilization as Food and in Food Production
Olaniran, A. F., Akinsanola, B. A., Taiwo, A. E., Folorunsho, J. O., Iranloye, Y. M., Okonkwo, C. E., & Osemwegie, O. O. (2023) · doi:10.1002/9781119857839.ch9
Yan, H., Ma, H., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, J., Jia, Q., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19807933
Yan, H., Ma, H., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, J., Jia, Q., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19807936
Sandhanam, K., & Tamilanban, T. (2024) · Advances in medical technologies and clinical practice book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-5878-8.ch007
Dong, S., Huang, F., zheng, Y., Lin, L., Li, Y., Zou, X., & Hu, Z. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5262874
Guo, S., Pan, F., Li, F., Wang, J., Ke, H., Huang, H., Cai, J., Wang, C., & Cai, M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5275975
Yangılar, F., & Erdaş, Z. T. (2025) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03497-y
Hu, Z., Dong, S., Huang, F., zheng, Y., Lin, L., Li, Y., & Zou, X. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5465181
Mahadi, R., Oh, Y., Vahisan, L. P. S., Narasimhan, A. L., Kim, E.-J., & Cho, J. Y. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app151810136
Recent advances in biotechnology
Lerfall, J. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33750-5.00014-7
Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Diksha, D., Kumari, A., & Panwar, A. (2025) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-025-00738-4
Microalgae as Biofactories: Metabolites, Bioproducts, and Industrial Biotechnology Applications
Rahaman, T., Samanta, S., Seth, A., Debnath, B., & Das, S. (2025) · Current Biotechnology · doi:10.2174/0122115501408500251019130934
Bisheh, M. P., & Rad, H. A. (2025) · Water and Environment Journal · doi:10.1111/wej.70018
Qiu, J., Yang, Y.-C., Li, R.-Y., Jiao, Y.-H., Mou, J.-H., Yang, W.-D., Lin, C. S. K., Li, H.-Y., & Wang, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26043662
Yan, H., Ma, H., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Lin, J., Jia, Q., Hu, Q., & Han, D. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19807930
Yan, H., Ding, M., Lin, J., Zhao, L., Han, D., & Hu, Q. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26598056
Martínez, N. L. T., Bogotá, M. T. C., & Kurmen, J. E. C. (2026) · Revista Mutis · doi:10.21789/22561498.2205
Cao, W., Tang, Q., Chen, J., Liu, S., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2026.122732
The growth and astaxanthin production of a new strain of Haematococcus lacustris from Ica (Peru)
Manrique-Vera, G. I., Alvarez, N. P. L., Chambi, F. R. H., Barreda-Del-Carpio, J. E., Medina-Cabrera, E. V., & Cárdenas-García, J. D. (2026) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-026-00825-0
Zhang, J.-Z., Nie, Z.-Y., Lau, Y., Huang, H., Wu, S.-W., Chen, Y.-T., Huang, D., Liang, B.-Y., Zou, L., Balamurugan, S., et al. (2026) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108915 · Cited by 1
Than, H. A. Q., Vu, D. P. N., Tran, M. A. N., Ly, P. N., Ho, T. B., Tran, N. H., & Pham, T. H. (2026) · Russian Journal of Plant Physiology · doi:10.1134/s1021443725606536
López-Santiago, C., Soriano-Jerez, Y., Contreras‐Gómez, A., Bressy, C., Fernández‐García, M., Muñoz‐Bonilla, A., & Cerón-García, M. C. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135502
Zhang, H., Kong, Y., Shao, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, C., Xu, F., Yang, F., Sun, F., Cui, Y., Wu, Y., et al. (2026) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-026-05199-z
Крылов, И. А., Кубасова, Е. Д., Р.В., К., Karakhanyan, K. S., Сафроненко, А. В., Safonov, D. V., Shatov, D. V., Linchenko, S. N., Владимировна, С. Н., & Chebotov, S. A. (2026) · Bulletin Biomedicine and sociology · doi:10.26787/nydha-2618-8783-2026-11-2-54-61
Su, X., Xing, H., Liu, K., Ya, Z., Dong, L., Zhou, Z., Zhou, N., Sun, X., Zhang, L., Xu, N., et al. (2026) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md24080285
Mondlhane, C., Alvarado-Holtheuer, C. N., Caicedo-Paz, A. V., & Mussagy, C. U. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109989
Roekngam, N., Chankaew, W., Chaisit, S., Kongpuckdee, S., & Khongthong, S. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15091159
Rudnicki, P., Borowiak, D., Haczkiewicz, M., & Kaleta, J. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101476
Metadata
- Authors
- Ren, Y., Deng, J., Huang, J., Wu, Z., Yi, L., Bi, Y., & Chen, F.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Feng
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 340
- Pages
- 125736
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3188437852
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (KQTD20180412181334790)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471717)
- Peking University
- Shenzhen University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Keywords
- Haematococcus pluvialis, astaxanthin, astaxanthin biosynthesis, astaxanthin accumulation, microalgae, carotenoids, nutraceuticals, production optimization, abiotic stress
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyceae, Lipids, Xanthophylls, Microalgae
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
