Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications

Chapman and Hall

Lohrli, A. (1985) · Notes and Queries · doi:10.1093/notesj/32.3.377-a · Cited by 4,360 · see citing works

The Low-Density Lipoprotein Pathway and its Relation to Atherosclerosis

Goldstein, L. J., & Brown, S. M. (1977) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.004341 · Cited by 2,455 · see citing works

β-Carotene: an Unusual Type of Lipid Antioxidant

Burton, G. W., & Ingold, K. U. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6710156 · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works

Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function

Britton, G. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.15.8529834 · Cited by 1,620 · see citing works

Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin

Lorenz, R. T., & Cysewski, G. R. (2000) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01433-5 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works

Antioxidant activities of carotenes and xanthophylls

Miller, N. J., Sampson, J., Candeias, L. P., Bramley, P. M., & Rice-Evans, C. A. (1996) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00323-7 · Cited by 1,030 · see citing works

Antioxidant Activities of Astaxanthin and Related Carotenoids

Naguib, Y. M. A. (2000) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf991106k · Cited by 975 · see citing works

Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids

Miki, W. (1991) · Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1351/pac199163010141 · Cited by 964 · see citing works

Beta‐carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans

Mayne, S. T. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.7.8635686 · Cited by 862 · see citing works

Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of Carotenoids

Young, A. J., & Lowe, G. M. (2001) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2149 · Cited by 822 · see citing works

Antioxidant defense systems: the role of carotenoids, tocopherols, and thiols

Mascio, P. D., Murphy, M., & Sies, H. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.1.194s · Cited by 776 · see citing works

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology.

Taylor, J. H. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 582 · see citing works

Astaxanthin from Microbial Sources

Johnson, E. A., & An, G.-H. (1991) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.3109/07388559109040622 · Cited by 509 · see citing works

Isolation and characterization of nutrients and value-added products from snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and shrimp (Pandalus borealis) processing discards

Shahidi, F., & Synowiecki, J. (1991) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00008a032 · Cited by 482 · see citing works

Vegetables, fruits, and carotenoids and the risk of cancer

Ziegler, R. G. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.1.251s · Cited by 466 · see citing works

Antioxidant activity of β‐carotene‐related carotenoids in solution

Terao, J. (1989) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02535085 · Cited by 434 · see citing works

Seafoods: Chemistry, Processing Technology and Quality

Shahidi, F., & Botta, J. R. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2181-5 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

Methanogenic population dynamics during start-up of anaerobic digesters treating municipal solid waste and biosolids

Griffin, M. E., McMahon, K. D., Mackie, R. I., & Raskin, L. M. (1998) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980205)57:3 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Enhanced Carotenoid Biosynthesis by Oxidative Stress in Acetate-Induced Cyst Cells of a Green Unicellular Alga, Haematococcus pluvialis

Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T., & Nagai, S. (1993) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.59.3.867-873.1993 · Cited by 360 · see citing works

Commercial production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis using 25,000-liter outdoor photobioreactors

Olaizola, M. (2000) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1008159127672 · Cited by 359 · see citing works

Efficient radical trapping at the surface and inside the phospholipid membrane is responsible for highly potent antiperoxidative activity of the carotenoid astaxanthin

Goto, S., Kogure, K., Abe, K., Kimata, Y., Kitahama, K., Yamashita, E., & Terada, H. (2001) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00326-1 · Cited by 357 · see citing works

Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are potent antioxidants in a membrane model

Palozza, P., & Krinsky, N. I. (1992) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(92)90675-m · Cited by 346 · see citing works

Prooxidant Actions of Carotenoids in Biologic Systems

Palozza, P. (2009) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01762.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works

Inhibition of Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation by Astaxanthin

Iwamoto, T., Hosoda, K., Hirano, R., Kurata, H., Matsumoto, A., Miki, W., Kamiyama, M., Itakura, H., Yamamoto, S., & Kondo, K. N. (2000) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat1994.7.216 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

FIRST PROOF THAT VITAMIN E IS MAJOR LIPID-SOLUBLE, CHAIN-BREAKING ANTIOXIDANT IN HUMAN BLOOD PLASMA

Burton, G. W., Joyce, A., & Ingold, K. U. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)90293-8 · Cited by 298 · see citing works

Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants

Mortensen, A., Skibsted, L. H., Sampson, J., Rice-Evans, C. A., & Everett, S. A. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01355-0 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

A comparison of the anticancer activities of dietary beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in mice in vivo.

Chew, B. P., Park, J. S., Wong, M. W., & Wong, T. S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 269 · see citing works

The resistance to physical stresses by Penaeus monodon juveniles fed diets supplemented with astaxanthin

Chien, Y., Pan, C., & Hunter, B. A. (2002) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00056-x · Cited by 268 · see citing works

Isolation of Phaffia rhodozyma Mutants with Increased Astaxanthin Content

An, G.-H., Schuman, D. B., & Johnson, E. A. (1989) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.55.1.116-124.1989 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Benefits from Tween during enzymic hydrolysis of corn stover

Kaar, W. E., & Holtzapple, M. T. (1998) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19980820)59:4 · Cited by 248 · see citing works

Changes in pigments profile in the green alga Haeamtococcus pluvialis exposed to environmental stresses

Boussiba, S., Bing, W., Yuan, J.-P., Zarka, A., & Chen, F. (1999) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1005507514694 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Pigmentation of rainbow trout

Storebakken, T., & No, H. K. (1992) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90372-r · Cited by 245 · see citing works

Antitumor Activity of Astaxanthin and Its Mode of Action

Jyonouchi, H., Sun, S., Iijima, K., & Gross, M. D. (2000) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc3601_9 · Cited by 226 · see citing works

Optimization of culture medium for the continuous cultivation of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis

Fábregas, J., Domı́nguez, A., Regueiro, M. G., Maseda, A., & Otero, A. (2000) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s002530051652 · Cited by 225 · see citing works

Singlet oxygen quenching ability of astaxanthin esters from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis

Kobayashi, M., & Sakamoto, Y. (1999) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1005445927433 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Microbial sources of carotenoid pigments used in foods and feeds

Nelis, H. J. C. F., & Leenheer, A. P. D. (1991) · Journal of Applied Bacteriology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb02922.x · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Treatment of H. pylori infected mice with antioxidant astaxanthin reduces gastric inflammation, bacterial load and modulates cytokine release by splenocytes

Bennedsen, M., Wang, X., Wïllén, R., Wadström, T., & Andersen, L. P. (2000) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00145-5 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Two-stage cultures for the production of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis

Fábregas, J., Otero, A., Maseda, A., & Domı́nguez, A. (2001) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00289-9 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by the naturally occurring carotenoid astaxanthin

Tanaka, T., Morishita, Y., Suzui, M., Kojima, T., Okumura, A., & Mori, H. (1994) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/15.1.15 · Cited by 196 · see citing works

Factors responsible for astaxanthin formation in the Chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis

Harker, M., Tsavalos, A. J., & Young, A. J. (1996) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/0960-8524(95)00002-x · Cited by 195 · see citing works

Immunomodulating actions of carotenoids: Enhancement of<i>in vivo</i>and<i>in vitro</i>antibody production to T‐dependent antigens

Jyonouchi, H., Zhang, L., Gross, M., & Tomita, Y. (1994) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589409514303 · Cited by 183 · see citing works

Chemoprevention of rat oral carcinogenesis by naturally occurring xanthophylls, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin.

Tanaka, T., Makita, H., Ohnishi, M., Mori, H., Satoh, K., & Hara, A. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 182 · see citing works

Contribution of the antioxidative property of astaxanthin to its protective effect on the promotion of cancer metastasis in mice treated with restraint stress

Kurihara, H., Kôda, H., Asami, S., Kiso, Y., & Tanaka, T. (2002) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01522-9 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Production of astaxanthin by Haematococcus pluvialis in a sequential heterotrophic-photoautotrophic culture

Hata, N., Ogbonna, J. C., Hasegawa, Y., Taroda, H., & Tanaka, H. (2001) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/a:1011921329568 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Influence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on bio-defence mechanisms in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)

Amar, E. C., Kiron, V., Satoh, S., et al. (2001) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1355-557x.2001.00051.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works

Comparative Animal Biochemistry

Urich, K. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06303-3 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Bioavailability of all-E-astaxanthin and Z-isomers of astaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Bjerkeng, B., Følling, M., Lagocki, S., et al. (1997) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00146-4 · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Astaxanthin-Rich Algal Meal and Vitamin C Inhibit Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/cA Mice

Wang, X., Wïllén, R., & Wadström, T. (2000) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.44.9.2452-2457.2000 · Cited by 149 · see citing works

Pigmentation of prawn (Penaeus japonicus) with carotenoids

Yamada, S., Tanaka, Y., Sameshima, M., et al. (1990) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90069-y · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Effects of light intensity, light quality, and illumination cycle on astaxanthin formation in a green alga, Haematococcus pluvialis

Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T., Nishio, N., & Nagai, S. (1992) · Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/0922-338x(92)90271-u · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Flesh Lipid and Carotenoid Composition of Scottish Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Bell, J. G., McEvoy, J. W., Webster, J. L., et al. (1998) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf970581k · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Comparison of the accumulation of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis and other green microalgae under N-starvation and high light conditions

García, M. O., Valero, J. F., Herrero, C., & Abalde, J. (2001) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1010510508384 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Carotenoid composition in the green microalga Chlorococcum

Yuan, J., Chen, F., Liu, X., & Li, X. (2002) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00279-5 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Pigmentation of salmonids: Interactions of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin on pigment deposition in rainbow trout

Torrissen, O. J. (1989) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(89)90478-x · Cited by 141 · see citing works

Utilization of microalgal astaxanthin by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Sommer, T. R., Potts, W. T. W., & Morrissy, N. M. (1991) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90130-y · Cited by 140 · see citing works

Optimization of astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma through factorial design and response surface methodology

Ramı́rez, J., Pulido, H. G., & Gschaedler, A. (2001) · Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0168-1656(01)00279-6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Suppression of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by dietary administration of naturally occurring xanthophylls astaxanthin and canthaxanthin during the postinitiation phase

Tanaka, T., Kawamori, T., Ohnishi, M., Makita, H., Mori, H., Satoh, K., & Hara, A. (1995) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/16.12.2957 · Cited by 134 · cited 2× · see citing works

Modulatory effects of an algal extract containing astaxanthin on UVA-irradiated cells in culture

Lyons, N. M., & O'Brien, N. M. (2002) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(02)00063-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Effect of carotenoids on in vitro immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: Astaxanthin, a carotenoid without vitamin a activity, enhances in vitro immunoglobulin production in response to a t‐dependent stimulant and antigen

Jyonouchi, H., Sun, S., & Gross, M. D. (1995) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589509514373 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Carotenoid pigments of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: assay on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin

Choubert, G., & Heinrich, O. (1993) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90447-7 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Effects, quenching mechanisms, and kinetics of carotenoids in chlorophyll-sensitized photooxidation of soybean oil

Lee, S. H., & MIN, D. B. S. (1990) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00098a002 · Cited by 127 · see citing works

Supplementation with β-carotene in vivo and in vitro does not inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation

Gaziano, J. M. (1995) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/0021-9150(94)05414-e · Cited by 124 · see citing works

Modulation of UVA light-induced oxidative stress by β-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin in cultured fibroblasts

O'Connor, I., & O'Brien, N. (1998) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/s0923-1811(97)00058-3 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Accumulation of Astaxanthin all-E, 9Z and 13Z Geometrical Isomers and 3 and 3’ RS Optical Isomers in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is Selective

Østerlie, M., Bjerkeng, B., & Liaaen‐Jensen, S. (1999) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/129.2.391 · Cited by 120 · see citing works

The use of proteolytic enzymes to extract carotenoproteins from shrimp wastes

Simpson, B. K., & Haard, N. F. (1985) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · Cited by 117 · see citing works

Improvement of Biochemical Features in Fish Health by Red Yeast and Synthetic Astaxanthin

Nakano, T., Tosa, M., & Takeuchi, M. (1995) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00054a029 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Rapid Liquid Chromatographic Method to Distinguish Wild Salmon from Aquacultured Salmon Fed Synthetic Astaxanthin

Turujman, S. A., Wamer, W. G., Wei, R. R., & Albert, R. H. (1997) · Journal of AOAC International · doi:10.1093/jaoac/80.3.622 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Pigmentation of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1875), using Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga

Gouveia, L., Choubert, G., Pereira, N., Santinha, J., Empis, J., & Gomes, E. (2002) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00751.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works

The effect of feed pigment type on flesh pigment deposition and colour in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Buttle, L., Crampton, V., & Williams, P. (2001) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2109.2001.00536.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works

Utilization of natural and synthetic sources of carotenoids in the skin pigmentation of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata )

Gomes, E., Dias, J. P., Silva, P., Valente, L. M. P., Empis, J., Gouveia, L., Bowen, J., & Young, A. J. (2002) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-001-0475-9 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio on encystment accompanied with astaxanthin formation in a green alga, Haematococcus pluvialis

Kakizono, T., Kobayashi, M., & Nagai, S. (1992) · Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/0922-338x(92)90041-r · Cited by 98 · see citing works

The biosynthesis of astaxanthin

KATAYAMA, T., Henry, Y., & Chichester, C. O. (1970) · International Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0020-711x(70)90057-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Characterization of astaxanthin pigments from heat-processed crawfish waste

Meyers, S. P., & Bligh, D. (1981) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00105a017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Bioprocess engineering

Galindo, E. (1998) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01211-6 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Effect of astaxanthin on the hepatotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzymes in the liver of CCl4-treated rats

Kang, J.-O., Kim, S.-J., & Kim, H. (2001) · Methods and Findings in Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1358/mf.2001.23.2.627931 · Cited by 92 · see citing works

[44] Antioxidant radical-scavenging activity of carotenoids and retinoids compared to α-tocopherol

Tsuchiya, M., Scita, G., Freisleben, H., Kagan, V. E., & Packer, L. (1992) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/0076-6879(92)13148-q · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Extraction of Astaxanthin Plgment from Crawfish Waste Using a Soy Oil Process

CHEN, H., & Meyers, S. P. (1982) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1982.tb12739.x · Cited by 87 · see citing works

Meat Color Modification in Broiler Chickens by Feeding Yeast Phaffia rhodozyma Containing High Concentrations of Astaxanthin

Akiba, Y., Sato, K., Takahashi, K., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Applied Poultry Research · doi:10.1093/japr/10.2.154 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Optimization of carotenoid production by Phaffia rhodozyma cells grown on xylose

Parajó, J. C., Santos, V., & Vázquez, M. (1998) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(97)00045-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works

Effect of vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene on LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis.

Jialal, I., & Fuller, C. J. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 75 · see citing works

TREATMENT OF HCV

Schiff, E. R., & Tagle, F. M. (1997) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70327-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Enhanced production of free trans-astaxanthin by oxidative stress in the cultures of the green microalga Chlorococcum sp

Yin-Nin, R., & Chen, F. (2001) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00157-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Ensiling in acid — A method to stabilize astaxanthin in shrimp processing by-products and improve uptake of this pigment by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Torrissen, O. J., Tidemann, E., Hansen, F., et al. (1981) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(81)90111-3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Effects of silage preservation on astaxanthin forms and fatty acid profiles of processed shrimp (Pandalus borealis) waste

Guillou, A., Khalil, M. F., & Adambounou, L. T. (1995) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)00324-h · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Synthetic astaxanthin deposition in pan-size coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Smith, B. E., Hardy, R. W., & Torrissen, O. J. (1992) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90141-7 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Evaluation of Factors Promoting Astaxanthin Production by a Unicellular Green Alga, Haematococcus pluvialis , with Fractional Factorial Design

Choi, Y.-E., Yun, Y.-G., & Park, J. M. (2002) · Biotechnology Progress · doi:10.1021/bp025549b · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Carotenoid pigmentation of salmonid fishes - recent progress1

Bjerkeng, B. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Use of response surface methodology to optimise carotenogenesis in the microalga, Haematococcus pluvialis

Harker, M., Tsavalos, A. J., & Young, A. J. (1995) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/bf00003797 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Preparative isolation and purification of astaxanthin from the microalga Chlorococcum sp. by high-speed counter-current chromatography

Li, H., & Chen, F. (2001) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01022-6 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

The carotenoids β‐carotene, canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin inhibit macrophage‐mediated LDL oxidation

Carpenter, K. L. H., van der Veen, C., Hird, R., et al. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(96)01488-3 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Pigmentation of rainbow trout with astaxanthin at different water temperatures

No, H. K., & Storebakken, T. (1991) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90265-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Ensilage Treatment of Crawfish Waste for Improvement of Astaxanthin Pigment Extraction

CHEN, H., & Meyers, S. P. (1983) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1983.tb03528.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Separation and Analysis of Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Haematococcus lacustris by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Photodiode Array Detection

Yuan, J., Gong, X., & Chen, F. (1997) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf970002b · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Effects of various carotenoids on cloned, effector‐stage T‐helper cell activity

Jyonouchi, H., Sun, S., Mizokami, M., & Gross, M. D. (1996) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635589609514487 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Analysis of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from several Phaffia rhodozyma mutants

Calo‐Mata, P., Barros‐Velázquez, J., Sieiro, C., et al. (1995) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00053a049 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Potential use of a microalga (Chlorella vulgaris) in the pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle

Gouveia, L., Gomes, E., & Empis, J. (1996) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf01229690 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Two-step process for ketocarotenoid production by a green alga, Chlorococcum sp. strain MA-1

Zhang, D.-H., & Lee, Y.-K. (2001) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s002530000526 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Nature and distribution of carotenoids

Goodwin, T. W. (1980) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0308-8146(80)90061-8 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Utilization of (3S ,3′S )-astaxanthin acyl esters in pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Bowen, J., Soutar, C., Serwata, R. D., Lagocki, S., White, D. A., Davies, S. J., & Young, A. J. (2002) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.2002.00190.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Exogenously incorporated ketocarotenoids in large unilamellar vesicles. Protective activity against peroxidation

Rengel, D., Díez-Navajas, A. M., Serna‐Rico, A., Veiga, P., Muga, A., & Milicua, J. C. G. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00194-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Increased astaxanthin production by a Phaffia rhodozyma mutant grown on date juice from Yucca fillifera

Ramírez, J., Nunez, M., & Valdivia, R. (2000) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/sj.jim.2900792 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

UTILIZATION OF SHELLFISH WASTE FOR CHITIN AND CHITOSAN PRODUCTION

Johnson, E., & Peniston, Q. P. (1982) · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Influence of medium components on astaxanthin content and production of Haematococcus pluvialis

Gong, X., & Chen, F. (1998) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00003-x · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Improved growth of the red yeast, Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous), in the presence of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates

An, G.-H. (2001) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1010523800650 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Carotenoid pigment and fatty acid analyses of crawfish oil extracts

Omara‐Alwala, T. R., Chen, H. M., Ito, Y., et al. (1985) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00062a026 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

The biosynthesis of astaxanthin—XVI. The carotenoids in crustacea

Tanaka, Y., Matsuguchi, H., KATAYAMA, T., et al. (1976) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0305-0491(76)90263-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Batch cultivation and astaxanthin production by a mutant of the red yeast,Phaffia rhodozyma NCHU-FS501

Fang, T. J., & Chiou, T.-Y. (1996) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/bf01570001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout with Enzyme-Treated and Spray-DriedPhaffia rhodozyma

Gentles, A. L., & Haard, N. F. (1991) · The Progressive Fish-Culturist · doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Copper but not iron limitation increases astaxanthin production by Phaffia rhodozyma in a chemically defined medium

Flores‐Cotera, L. B., & Sánchez, S. (2001) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1010358517806 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

The Effect of Low Temperature and Fasting during the Winter on Growth and Smoltification of Coho Salmon

Larsen, D. A., Beckman, B. R., & Dickhoff, W. W. (2001) · North American Journal of Aquaculture · doi:10.1577/1548-8454(2001)063 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

[The effects of carotenoids on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell and gene expression of bcl-2].

Li, Z., Wang, Y., & Bao-qing, M. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 28 · see citing works

An industrial medium for improved production of carotenoids from a mutant strain of Phaffia rhodozyma

Kesava, S. S., An, G.-H., Kim, C., et al. (1998) · Bioprocess Engineering · doi:10.1007/pl00009009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Growth and carotenoid production by pH-stat cultures of Phaffia rhodozyma

Chan, H. Y., & Ho, K. (1999) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1005638610564 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Muscle Pigmentation of Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Fed on Oil-Extracted Pigment from Langostilla(Pleuroncodes planipes)Compared with Two Commercial Sources of Astaxanthin

Coral, G. J. S., Huberman, A., de la Lanza, G., et al. (1998) · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology · doi:10.1300/j030v07n02_04 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

A review of the nature, function, variability, and supply of pigments in salmonid fish

Putman, M. E. (1992) · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Astaxanthin market a hard one to crack

McCoy, M. (1999) · Chemical & Engineering News · doi:10.1021/cen-v077n014.p015 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Effect of antioxidants on stability of astaxanthin pigment in crawfish waste and oil extract

Chen, H. M., & Meyers, S. P. (1982) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf00111a015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Recovery of Carotenoprotein From the Exoskeleton of Snow Crab Chionocetes opilio

Manu‐Tawiah, W., & Haard, N. F. (1987) · Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology Journal · doi:10.1016/s0315-5463(87)70666-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Isolation and identification of carotenoid pigments, lipids and flavor active components from raw commercial shrimp waste

Mandeville, S., Yaylayan, V. A., Simpson, B. K., et al. (1991) · Food Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/08905439109549801 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Effects of Carotenoids and Carotenoid-Tocopherol Interaction on Lipid Oxidation In Vitro

Haila, K. M. (1999) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Isolation of Phaffia rhodozyma auxotrophic mutants by enrichment methods.

Adrio, J. L., Veiga, M., Casqueiro, J., et al. (1993) · The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.2323/jgam.39.303 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Recovery and Characteristics of Carotenoprotein from Lobster (Homarus americanus) Waste

Simpson, B. K., Dauphin, L., & Smith, J. P. (1993) · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology · doi:10.1300/j030v01n02_11 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Photosensitization of the yeast phaffia rhodozyma at a low temperature for screening carotenoid hyperproducing mutants

An, G.-H. (1997) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/bf02785592 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Dynamics and stability analysis of the growth and astaxanthin production system of Haematococcus pluvialis

Zhang, X.-W., Gong, X. D., & Chen, F. (1999) · Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/sj.jim.2900704 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Pigmentation of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with oil-extracted astaxanthin from the langostilla (Pleuroncodes planipes).

Gc, H., Huberman, A., de la Lanza, G., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Characterization of flash-dried shrimp processing waste

Ragnar, L. O., & Jakobsen, Y. (1995) · Journal of marine biotechnology · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Development of hamburger using full fat soybean flour

Igene, J. O., Oteku, I. T., & Akpata, J. A. (2002) · Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.4314/gjass.v1i2.2184 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

RESUMEN DE LA EVALUACION SOBRE LA UTILIZACION DE ASTAXANTINA EN NUTRICION DE CAMARONES

José Ignacio Arango, G. (1996) · Avances en Nutrición Acuicola · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Microalgae: A potential alternative to health supplementation for humans

Koyande, A. K., Chew, K. W., Rambabu, K., Tao, Y., Chu, D.-T., & Show, P.-L. (2019) · Food Science and Human Wellness · doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.001 · Cited by 908 · see citing works

Microalgae Metabolites: A Rich Source for Food and Medicine

Sathasivam, R., Radhakrishnan, R., Hashem, A., & Abd_Allah, E. F. (2019) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.11.003 · Cited by 872 · see citing works

Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: Current state and perspectives

Del Campo, J. A., García-González, M., & Guerrero, M. G. (2007) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-007-0844-9 · Cited by 739 · see citing works

Potential health-promoting effects of astaxanthin: a high-value carotenoid mostly from microalgae

Yuan, J., Peng, J., Yin, K., & Wang, J. (2011) · Molecular Nutrition &amp; Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201000414 · Cited by 649 · see citing works

Astaxanthin in Skin Health, Repair, and Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Davinelli, S., Nielsen, M. E., & Scapagnini, G. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10040522 · Cited by 473 · see citing works

Microalgae as Healthy Ingredients for Functional Food: A Review

Matos, J., Cardoso, C., Bandarra, N. M., & Afonso, C. (2017) · Food &amp; Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00409e · Cited by 393 · see citing works

Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response to stress

Lemoine, Y., & Schoefs, B. (2010) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-010-9583-3 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

Industrial potential of carotenoid pigments from microalgae: Current trends and future prospects

Ambati, R. R., Gogisetty, D., Aswathanarayana, R. G., Ravi, S., Bikkina, P. N., Bo, L., & Yuepeng, S. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1432561 · Cited by 372 · see citing works

Microalgae Encapsulation Systems for Food, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics Applications

Vieira, M. V., Pastrana, L. M., & Fuciños, P. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18120644 · Cited by 205 · see citing works

Introduction to Traditional Medicine and Their Role in Prevention and Treatment of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases

Rizvi, S. A. A., Einstein, G. P., Tulp, O. L., Sainvil, F., & Branly, R. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12101442 · Cited by 181 · see citing works

Biotechnological Applications of Microalgae

Chu, W.-L. (2012) · International e-Journal of Science, Medicine &amp; Education · doi:10.56026/imu.6.suppl1.s24 · Cited by 174 · see citing works

Structures of Astaxanthin and Their Consequences for Therapeutic Application

Brotosudarmo, T. H. P., Limantara, L., Setiyono, E., & Heriyanto (2020) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2020/2156582 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Ulcer preventive and antioxidative properties of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis

Kamath, B. S., Srikanta, B. M., Dharmesh, S. M., Sarada, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.042 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Using green alga Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin and lipid co-production: Advances and outlook

Ren, Y., Deng, J., Huang, J., Wu, Z., Yi, L., Bi, Y., & Chen, F. (2021) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125736 · Cited by 155 · see citing works

Recent advances in astaxanthin micro/nanoencapsulation to improve its stability and functionality as a food ingredient

Martínez-Álvarez, Ó., Calvo, M. M., & Gómez-Estaca, J. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18080406 · Cited by 148 · see citing works

Preliminary clinical evaluation of toxicity and efficacy of a new astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis extract

Satoh, A., Tsuji, S., Okada, Y., Murakami, N., Urami, M., Nakagawa, K., Ishikura, M., Katagiri, M., Koga, Y., & Shirasawa, T. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.08-238 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Edible Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Alterations

Ramos-Romero, S., Torrella, J. R., Pagès, T., Viscor, G., & Torres, J. L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020563 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Green processes based on the extraction with pressurized fluids to obtain potent antimicrobials from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae

Santoyo, S., Rodríguez-Meizoso, I., Cifuentes, A., Jaime, L., García-Blairsy Reina, G., Señorans, F. J., & Ibáñez, E. (2009) · LWT - Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2009.01.012 · Cited by 133 · see citing works

Bioactive compounds from microalgae: Current development and prospects

Fu, W., Nelson, D. R., Yi, Z., Xu, M., Khraiwesh, B., Jijakli, K., Chaiboonchoe, A., Alzahmi, A., Al-Khairy, D., Brynjolfsson, S., et al. (2017) · Studies in natural products chemistry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00006-1 · Cited by 121 · see citing works

Chitosan oligosaccharide/alginate nanoparticles as an effective carrier for astaxanthin with improving stability, in vitro oral bioaccessibility, and bioavailability

Sorasitthiyanukarn, F. N., Muangnoi, C., Rojsitthisak, P., & Rojsitthisak, P. (2022) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107246 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Anti-Oxidation Properties and Therapeutic Potentials of Spirulina

Han, P., Li, J., Zhong, H., Xie, J., Zhang, P., Lu, Q., Li, J., Xu, P., Chen, P., Leng, L., et al. (2021) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2021.102240 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Supplementing with Dietary Astaxanthin Combined with Collagen Hydrolysate Improves Facial Elasticity and Decreases Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -12 Expression: A Comparative Study with Placebo

Yoon, H.-S., Cho, H. H., Cho, S., Lee, S.-R., Shin, M.-H., & Chung, J. H. (2014) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2013.3060 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Microalgae cultivation: photobioreactors, <scp> CO ₂ </scp> utilization, and value‐added products of industrial importance

Shekh, A., Sharma, A., Schenk, P. M., Kumar, G., & Mudliar, S. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Technology &amp; Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.6902 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

Innovative Non-Thermal Technologies for Recovery and Valorization of Value-Added Products from Crustacean Processing By-Products—An Opportunity for a Circular Economy Approach

De Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro, A. C., Martí-Quijal, F. J., Barba, F. J., Tappi, S., & Rocculi, P. (2021) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods10092030 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Astaxanthin Prevents Atrophy in Slow Muscle Fibers by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species via a Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis Pathway

Sun, L., Miyaji, N., Yang, M., Mills, E. M., Taniyama, S., Uchida, T., Nikawa, T., Li, J., Shi, J., Tachibana, K., et al. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020379 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Screening of Astaxanthin-Hyperproducing <i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman Microspectroscopy

Liu, J., & Huang, Q. (2016) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1177/0003702816645605 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Encapsulation Techniques to Enhance Astaxanthin Utilization as Functional Feed Ingredient

Vitale, M., Gomez-Estaca, J., Chung, J., Chua, S.-C., & Pampanin, D. M. (2025) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md23040143 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Cosmeceuticals

Draelos, Z. D. (2012) · Evidence-Based Procedural Dermatology · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09424-3_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Biological activities of natural products from microalgae

Palmer, J. S., Muñoz, D. C., & Edwards, C. (2021) · Cultured Microalgae for the Food Industry · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821080-2.00004-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Astaxanthin stability in intracellular and extracellular conditions from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis

Abdel‐Hameed, M., Sestric, R., Hardy, B. P., et al. (2023) · Food Chemistry Advances · doi:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100432 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

[Advances in astaxanthin biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis].

Jiang, S. J., & Tong, S. (2019) · PubMed · doi:10.13345/j.cjb.180450 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Chromatographic Separation and Purification of trans-Astaxanthin from the Extracts of Haematococcus pluvialis

Yuan, J., & Chen, F. (1998) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf980039b · Cited by 108 · see citing works

Factors Affecting the Production of Astaxanthin in the Microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis: A Review

Soni, M., Aligita, W., Tina, R., & Levita, J. (2022) · International Journal of Current Research and Review · doi:10.31782/ijcrr.2022.141104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Research Advance of Astaxanthin Production from Haematococcus pluvialis

Xin-hu, L. (2013) · Anhui nongye kexue