Machine learning prediction and optimization of bio-oil production from hydrothermal liquefaction of algae
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of algae is a promising biofuel production technology. However, it is always difficult and time-consuming to identify the best optimal conditions of HTL for different algae by the conventional experimental study. Therefore, machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to predict and optimize bio-oil production with algae compositions and HTL conditions as inputs, and bio-oil yield (Yield_oil), and the contents of oxygen (O_oil) and nitrogen (N_oil) in bio-oil as outputs. Results indicated that gradient boosting regression (GBR, average test R 2 ∼ 0.90) exhibited better performance than random forest (RF) for both single and multi-target tasks prediction. Furthermore, the model-based interpretation suggested that the relative importance of operating conditions (temperature and residence time) was higher than algae characteristics for the three targets. Moreover, ML-based reverse and forward optimizations were implemented with experimental verifications. The verifications were acceptable, showing great potential of ML-aided HTL for producing desirable bio-oil.
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From 2018 to 2020, the number of publications in Bioresource Technology decreased until reaching three publications, and in 2021, five papers were published.
“From 2018 to 2020, the number decreased until reaching three publications, and, in 2021, five papers were published [39, 68–71].”
From Research Progress, Trends, and Future Prospects on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Algae for Biocrude Production: A Bibliometric Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [71]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Zhang, W., Li, J., Liu, T., Leng, S., Yang, L., Peng, H., Jiang, S., Zhou, W., Leng, L., & Li, H.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Nanchang University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Leng, Lijian
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 342
- Pages
- 126011
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3200060725
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808278)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research (2021YFE0104900)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- hydrothermal liquefaction, algae, bio-oil production, machine learning prediction, gradient boosting regression, random forest, multi-target regression, process optimization, inverse optimization, operating conditions
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Plant Oils, Temperature, Water, Biomass, Biofuels, Polyphenols
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