Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Treatment Outcomes in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Neuroimaging Study
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Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with elevated brain response to cues. Recent studies have suggested that theta burst stimulation (TBS) to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) can decrease reactivity to cues in a transdiagnostic manner. The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of continuous TBS as a tool to decrease drinking behavior and brain reactivity to alcohol cues among individuals with AUD. Methods: A total of 50 individuals with AUD were recruited from an intensive outpatient treatment program. Using a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design, participants received 10 sessions of continuous TBS (left frontal pole, 1 session/10 days, 110% resting motor threshold, 3600 pulse/session, cue provocation before and during session). Brain reactivity to alcohol cues was acquired at four time points: at baseline and after all TBS sessions (1 month, 2 months, and 3 months). Results: Overall, 80% of the participants completed all TBS sessions. Individuals who received real TBS were 2.71 times more likely to remain enrolled in the study after 3 months and 3.09 times more likely to remain sober 3 months after treatment initiation. Real TBS also led to a significantly greater reduction in brain reactivity to alcohol cues, specifically a reduction in MPFC-striatum and MPFC-insula connectivity 2 and 3 months after TBS treatment. Conclusions: Ten days of MPFC TBS is well tolerated, reduces drinking, and decreases brain reactivity to alcohol cues for up to 3 months after treatment initiation. These results pave a critical next step in the path toward developing transcranial magnetic stimulation as an intervention for AUD and disorders associated with elevated cue reactivity.
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In that trial, real TBS resulted in reduced brain reactivity to alcohol cues, including decreased connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and the striatum and insula.
“Additionally, real TBS resulted in reduced brain reactivity to alcohol cues, including decreased connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the striatum and insula”
From A Narrative Review of Current and Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [110]
In a clinical trial, real continuous theta burst stimulation (TBS) sessions increased the likelihood of remaining enrolled in the study and achieving sobriety after 3 months.
“Real TBS sessions increased the likelihood of remaining enrolled in the study and achieving sobriety after 3 months.”
From A Narrative Review of Current and Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- McCalley, D. M., Kaur, N., Wolf, J. P., Contreras, I. E., Book, S. W., Smith, J. P., & Hanlon, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hanlon, Colleen A.
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 301-310
- ISSN
- 2667-1743 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10140456
- OpenAlex
- W4220856623
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (P50 AA010761)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (F31AA028426, K05 AA017435, R01AA027705, T32 007474)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- alcoholism, theta burst stimulation, medial prefrontal cortex, cue reactivity, alcohol cues, transcranial magnetic stimulation, frontal pole, abstinence, treatment retention, intensive outpatient treatment
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