Role of opioidergic and GABAergic neurotransmission of the nucleus raphe magnus in the modulation of tonic immobility in guinea pigs
Abstract
Tonic immobility (TI) is an inborn defensive behavior characterized by a temporary state of profound and reversible motor inhibition elicited by some forms of physical restraint. Previous results from our laboratory have demonstrated that nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) is also a structure involved in the modulation of TI behavior, as chemical stimulation through carbachol decreases the duration of TI in guinea pigs. In view of the fact that GABAergic and opioidergic circuits participate in the regulation of neuronal activity in the NRM and since these neurotransmitters are also involved in the modulation of TI, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of these circuits of the NRM in the modulation of the behavioral TI response. Microinjection of morphine (4.4 nmol/0.2 microl) or bicuculline (0.4 nmol/0.2 microl) into the NRM increased the duration of TI episodes while muscimol (0.5 nmol/0.2 microl) decreased it. The effect of morphine injection into the NRM was blocked by previous microinjection of naloxone (2.7 nmol/0.2 microl). Muscimol at 0.25 nmol did not produce any change in TI duration; however, it blocked the increased response induced by morphine. Our results indicate a facilitatory role of opioidergic neurotransmission in the modulation of the TI response within the NRM, whereas GABAergic activity plays an inhibitory role. In addition, in the present study the modulation of TI in the NRM possibly occurred via an interaction between opioidergic and GAB…
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Decreased body sway and heart rate (bradycardic effect) have been demonstrated in response to threatening stimuli (pictures of angry faces or of mutilation), social-threat stimuli, and states of anticipatory anxiety.
“Decreased body sway and heart rate (bradycardic effect) have been demonstrated in response to threatening stimuli (pictures of angry faces or of mutilation), social-threat stimuli, and states of anticipatory anxiety.73–81”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [80]
The antinociceptive response elicited during tonic immobility is opioid mediated and involves activation of the PAG and the rostral ventromedial medulla pain circuit.
“The antinociceptive response elicited during tonic immobility is opioid mediated103,104 and involves activation of the PAG and the rostral ventromedial medulla pain circuit.71”
From Fear and the Defense Cascade (2015) · cites this paper as [103]
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Neurophysiologic studies of the immobility reflex (animal hypnosis).
Klemm, W. R. (1971) · Neurosciences Research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-512504-8.50011-1 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Role of the Amygdaloid Nuclei in the Modulation of Tonic Immobility in Guinea Pigs
Andrade Leite–Panissi, C. R., Monassi, C. R., & Menescal-De-Oliveira, L. (1999) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00133-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Kozlowska, K., Walker, P., McLean, L., & Carrive, P. (2015) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000065 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Maia, D. B., Nóbrega, A., Marques-Portella, C., Mendlowicz, M. V., Volchan, E., Coutinho, E. S., & Figueira, I. (2014) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1267 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
da Silva, L. F. S., Coimbra, N. C., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.020 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- da Silva, L. F. S., & Menescal-de-Oliveira, L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Menescal-de-Oliveira, Leda
- Venue
- Brain Research Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25-31
- ISSN
- 0361-9230 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061515095
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Research Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- tonic immobility, nucleus raphe magnus, GABAergic neurotransmission, morphine, naloxone, muscimol, bicuculline, defensive behavior, motor inhibition, GABAergic interneurons
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Opioid, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Bicuculline, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Guinea Pigs, Male, Microinjections, Models, Neurological, Morphine, Muscimol, Naloxone, Narcotic Antagonists, Raphe Nuclei, GABA Agonists, GABA Antagonists, Immobility Response, Tonic
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