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The barrier and interface mechanisms of the brain barrier, and brain drug delivery
Open accessAbstract
Three different barriers are formed between the cerebrovascular and the brain parenchyma: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and the cerebrospinal fluid-brain barrier (CBB). The BBB is the main regulator of blood and central nervous system (CNS) material exchange. The semipermeable nature of the BBB limits the passage of larger molecules and hydrophilic small molecules, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Although the complexity of the BBB affects CNS drug delivery, understanding the composition and function of the BBB can provide a platform for the development of new methods for CNS drug delivery. This review summarizes the classification of the brain barrier, the composition and role of the basic structures of the BBB, and the transport, barrier, and destruction mechanisms of the BBB; discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different drug delivery methods and prospects for future drug delivery strategies.
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“Therefore, the high selectivity of the BBB can be attributed to physical (highlighting TJs to prevent paracellular diffusion), transport (efflux pumps), and metabolic (enzymes to inactivate molecules) barriers. Together, they form a symbiotic relation to protect the brain from harmful substances [12,13].”
From Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [12]
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“Lin and co-workers found the Baihui and Shuigou acupoints are ideal regions to use for electroacupuncture for 40 min to open BBB.”
From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [228]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, S., Gan, L., Cao, F., Wang, H., Gong, P., Ma, C., Ren, L., Lin, Y., & Lin, X.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Xianming
- Venue
- Brain Research Bulletin
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-11
- Volume
- 190
- Pages
- 69-83
- ISSN
- 0361-9230 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4297090285
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 211
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 17
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Research Bulletin (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82174502)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, blood-CSF barrier, brain drug delivery
- MeSH terms
- Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Central Nervous System, Drug Delivery Systems
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