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Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study
Open accessAbstract
Background Emotion regulation deficits have been consistently linked to psychopathology in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology is unclear. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation deficits and psychopathology in adolescents.Methods Emotion dysregulation and symptomatology (depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology) were assessed in a large, diverse sample of adolescents (N=1065) at two time points separated by seven months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of psychopathology.Results The three distinct emotion processes examined here (emotional understanding, dysregulated expression of sadness and anger, and ruminative responses to distress) formed a unitary latent emotion dysregulation factor. Emotion dysregulation predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology after controlling for baseline symptoms but did not predict depressive symptoms. In contrast, none of the four types of psychopathology predicted increases in emotion dysregulation after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation.Conclusions Emotion dysregulation appears to be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology outcomes in adolescence. These results suggest targets for preventive interventions during this developmental period of risk.
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“Since various psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders can dramatically increase during adolescence (e.g., McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2011
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In the citing paper
“Emotion dysregulation is seen as a trans-diagnostic factor with negative impact on various domains of psychopathology in adolescents (1), although specifics could be identified in the subgroup of patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) (2).”
From Radical Acceptance of Reality: Putting DBT®-A Skill Groups Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
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“Specifically, emotion regulation ability is crucial for adolescents’ emotional experiences and their adaptation to socioemotional challenges (Silk et al., 2003; McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2011
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“Prospective studies suggest that emotion dysregulation may be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology. 4”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“and prospectively predict anxiety and depressive symptoms over time.24,25”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Given pre-treatment relationships between intrapersonal skills and symptoms of depression and anxiety,18,21–25”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“which over the long-term are respectively associated with higher and lower levels of psychopathology,24,25,34”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“This unidirectional relationship was also observed in a large (N = 1065) study of adolescents aged 11–14 years [75]. Although this study showed that while a latent construct of ‘emotion dysregulation’ (combining multiple subscales) predicted symptoms of anxiety, aggression and disordered eating behaviors, depression was predicted only by rumination, expression of anger and expression of sadness.”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“Retrospective self-report questionnaires are criticized for the likelihood of over-generalized responding, the assumption that people are conscious of how they regulate their emotions and bias in memory effects (remembering most recent and/or salient experiences [75]; Table 3 lists methodological limitations of techniques discussed).”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
In the citing paper
“A wide range of poor mental health outcomes including self-harm, anxiety, substance use, and conduct problems have been observed among adolescents who routinely engage in impulsive behavioral responses to distress (Adrian et al. 2011; Bender et al. 2012; McLaughlin et al. 2011; Walton and Flouri 2010).”
From Childhood maltreatment exposure and disruptions in emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic pathway to adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (2016) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al. 2011
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Citations
Cites
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Guthery, F. S., Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. (2003) · The Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2307/3802723 · Cited by 41,495
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“Poor emotion regulation has recently been posited to represent a transdiagnostic factor related to multiple types of psychopathology (Ehring & Watkins, 2008; Gross & John, 2003; Harvey, Watkins, Mansell, & Shafran, 2004; Kring & Sloan, 2010; Moses & Barlow, 2006; Watkins, 2008).”
BackgroundThe emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1023/b:joba.0000007455.08539.94 · Cited by 8,942
Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004 · Cited by 6,686 · cited 4×
“These results suggest that emotion regulation deficits are a fairly global risk factor for adolescent psychopathology, consistent with recent evidence from a crosssectional study of young adults (Aldao & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2010) and a meta-analysis examining the associations of emotion regulation with depression, anxiety…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationTo parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits
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“The adaptive management of emotions is critical for social functioning and psychological well-being (Aldao, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Schweizer, 2010; Denham, 1998; Eisenberg, Fabes, Guthrie, & Reiser, 2000; Gross, 1998b).”
BackgroundEMOTION REGULATION: A THEME IN SEARCH OF DEFINITION
Thompson, R. A. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x · Cited by 4,227
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115 · Cited by 3,276
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Mennin, 2004, An emotion regulation treatment for generalized anxiety disorder, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 17
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kaufman, E. A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C. R., & Crowell, S. E. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3 · Cited by 960
Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: A meta-analytic review
Schäfer, J. Ö., Naumann, E., Holmes, E. A., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Samson, A. C. (2017) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0585-0 · Cited by 941
Childhood maltreatment, emotional dysregulation, and psychiatric comorbidities
Dvir, Y., Ford, J. D., Hill, M., & Frazier, J. A. (2014) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000014 · Cited by 698
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A., & Asnaani, A. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.21888 · Cited by 630
Aldao, A., Gee, D. G., De Los Reyes, A., & Seager, I. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579416000638 · Cited by 636
Metadata
- Authors
- McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- City University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- McLaughlin, Katie A.
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-09
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 544-554
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3153591
- OpenAlex
- W2080674711
- Cited by
- 850
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 21.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092526)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotional dysregulation, adolescent psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, aggression, eating pathology, depressive symptoms, emotional understanding, transdiagnostic factors, bidirectional relationship
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Social Control, Informal, Emotional Intelligence
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