Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study

McLaughlin, Katie A.; Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.; Mennin, Douglas S.; Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.003

Cited by 850Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPersonality Disorders and PsychopathologyAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study

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McLaughlin, Katie A., Hatzenbuehler, Mark L., Mennin, Douglas S., Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan·2011·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.003PMC PMC3153591

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Abstract

Background Emotion regulation deficits have been consistently linked to psychopathology in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology is unclear. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation deficits and psychopathology in adolescents.Methods Emotion dysregulation and symptomatology (depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology) were assessed in a large, diverse sample of adolescents (N=1065) at two time points separated by seven months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of psychopathology.Results The three distinct emotion processes examined here (emotional understanding, dysregulated expression of sadness and anger, and ruminative responses to distress) formed a unitary latent emotion dysregulation factor. Emotion dysregulation predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology after controlling for baseline symptoms but did not predict depressive symptoms. In contrast, none of the four types of psychopathology predicted increases in emotion dysregulation after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation.Conclusions Emotion dysregulation appears to be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology outcomes in adolescence. These results suggest targets for preventive interventions during this developmental period of risk.

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Various psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders, can dramatically increase during adolescence.
“Since various psychopathologies, including depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders can dramatically increase during adolescence (e.g., McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2011
The introductory passage in our copy (labeled Abstract > Conclusions; page unavailable) describes adolescence as a period of high risk for developing psychopathology. The Methods name depression, anxiety, and aggressive behavior among the symptoms studied, but the paper does not establish that all three increase dramatically during adolescence. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Emotion dysregulation is a trans-diagnostic factor with negative impact on various domains of psychopathology in adolescents.
“Emotion dysregulation is seen as a trans-diagnostic factor with negative impact on various domains of psychopathology in adolescents (1), although specifics could be identified in the subgroup of patients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) (2).”
From Radical Acceptance of Reality: Putting DBT®-A Skill Groups Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Emotion regulation ability is crucial for adolescents' emotional experiences and their adaptation to socioemotional challenges.
“Specifically, emotion regulation ability is crucial for adolescents’ emotional experiences and their adaptation to socioemotional challenges (Silk et al., 2003; McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
From Adolescents' mindfulness and psychological distress: The mediating role of emotion regulation (2019) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al., 2011
Prospective studies suggest that emotion dysregulation may be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology.
“Prospective studies suggest that emotion dysregulation may be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology. 4”
From Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training: A feasibility study with active duty military. (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
These problematic intrapersonal patterns also forecast later anxiety and depressive symptoms in longitudinal data.
“and prospectively predict anxiety and depressive symptoms over time.24,25”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]

Pre-treatment relationships exist between intrapersonal ER skills and depression/anxiety symptoms.
“Given pre-treatment relationships between intrapersonal skills and symptoms of depression and anxiety,18,21–25”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
Over the long term, disengagement and engagement ER skills are respectively associated with higher and lower levels of psychopathology.
“which over the long-term are respectively associated with higher and lower levels of psychopathology,24,25,34”
From A meta-analysis of emotional regulation outcomes in psychological interventions for youth with depression and anxiety (2021) · cites this paper as [24]
In a large study of adolescents aged 11-14 (N = 1065), a latent construct of 'emotion dysregulation' predicted symptoms of anxiety, aggression and disordered eating behaviors, while depression was predicted only by rumination, expression of anger and expression of sadness.
“This unidirectional relationship was also observed in a large (N = 1065) study of adolescents aged 11–14 years [75]. Although this study showed that while a latent construct of ‘emotion dysregulation’ (combining multiple subscales) predicted symptoms of anxiety, aggression and disordered eating behaviors, depression was predicted only by rumination, expression of anger and expression of sadness.”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
Retrospective self-report questionnaires are limited by over-generalized responding, the assumption that people are conscious of how they regulate emotions, and memory bias.
“Retrospective self-report questionnaires are criticized for the likelihood of over-generalized responding, the assumption that people are conscious of how they regulate their emotions and bias in memory effects (remembering most recent and/or salient experiences [75]; Table 3 lists methodological limitations of techniques discussed).”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
Adolescents who habitually respond to distress with impulsive behavior have poor mental health outcomes including self-harm, anxiety, substance use, and conduct problems.
“A wide range of poor mental health outcomes including self-harm, anxiety, substance use, and conduct problems have been observed among adolescents who routinely engage in impulsive behavioral responses to distress (Adrian et al. 2011; Bender et al. 2012; McLaughlin et al. 2011; Walton and Flouri 2010).”
From Childhood maltreatment exposure and disruptions in emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic pathway to adolescent internalizing and externalizing psychopathology (2016) · cites this paper as McLaughlin et al. 2011

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“…and neural architecture underlying emotion regulation is to study individual differences, as this might shed light on the development of poor emotion regulation tendencies, which constitute a core causal pathway to mental health problems in adolescence (Aldao et al., 2016; McLaughlin et al., 2011).”
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Authors: McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Mennin, D. S., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
Affiliations: Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Columbia University (US)
City University of New York (US)
Corresponding author: McLaughlin, Katie A.
ORCID: McLaughlin, Katie A.
Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
Mennin, Douglas S.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-09
Volume: 49
Issue: 9
Pages: 544-554
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.06.003
PMC: PMC3153591
OpenAlex: W2080674711
Cited by: 850
References: 112
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 21.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092526)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: emotional dysregulation, adolescent psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, aggression, eating pathology, depressive symptoms, emotional understanding, transdiagnostic factors, bidirectional relationship
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Psychology, Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Emotions, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Social Control, Informal, Emotional Intelligence

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Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: A prospective study

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