Rumination interacts with life stress to predict depressive symptoms: An ecological momentary assessment study

Connolly, Samantha L.; Alloy, Lauren B.

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.006

Cited by 114Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsMental Health via Writing

Rumination interacts with life stress to predict depressive symptoms: An ecological momentary assessment study

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Connolly, Samantha L., Alloy, Lauren B.·2017·Behaviour Research and Therapy

DOI 10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.006PMC PMC5600682

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Abstract

Rumination is a well-established vulnerability factor for depression that may exert deleterious effects both independently and in interaction with stress. The current study examined momentary ruminative self-focus (MRS) and stress-reactive rumination (SRR) as predictors of depressive symptoms utilizing a smartphone ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design. 121 undergraduates responded to four text message alerts per day for one week in which they indicated the occurrence of life stress, rumination, and depressed mood. SRR, but not MRS, independently predicted increases in depressive symptoms. MRS interacted with depressive symptoms to predict increases in symptoms at the subsequent timepoint, supporting the deleterious effects of depressive rumination on future mood state. Interactions emerged between stress and both MRS and SRR, such that experiencing higher levels of stressors and rumination at an observation predicted greater increases in depressive symptoms. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that state rumination moderates the effect of stress in predicting depressive symptoms using EMA methodology. Results suggest that rumination levels in response to stress vary within individuals and can have an important effect on depressed mood. Findings may have important clinical implications, as lessening individuals' tendency to engage in rumination following stress may help to alleviate depressive symptoms.

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Rumination has been presented as a mediator but also as a risk factor for depression.
“Rumination has been presented as a mediator but also as a risk factor for depression [57,210,259].”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [210]

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Affective Disorders
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Authors: Connolly, S. L., & Alloy, L. B.
Affiliations: Temple University (US)
Corresponding author: Connolly, Samantha L.
ORCID: Connolly, Samantha L.
Alloy, Lauren B.
Venue: Behaviour Research and Therapy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-10
Volume: 97
Pages: 86-95
ISSN: 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.07.006
PMC: PMC5600682
OpenAlex: W2735454118
Cited by: 114
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 10.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (1F31MH106181)
APAGS Scott Mesh Honorary Grant
APF/COGDOP Charles and Carol Spielberger Scholarship
NIMH R01 (MH101168)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords: rumination, life events, depressive symptoms, state rumination, depressive mood, undergraduate students
MeSH terms: Ecological Momentary Assessment, Rumination, Cognitive, Adolescent, Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult

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Rumination interacts with life stress to predict depressive symptoms: An ecological momentary assessment study

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