A systematic review of the inclusion of mechanisms of action in NIH-funded intervention trials to improve medication adherence
Open accessAbstract
Medication nonadherence contributes to morbidity/mortality, but adherence interventions yield small and inconsistent effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying initiation and maintenance of adherence could improve interventions. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) support adherence research, but it is unclear whether existing NIH-funded research incorporates mechanisms. We conducted a systematic review to determine the proportion of NIH-funded adherence trials that have tested hypothesized mechanisms of intervention effects. We included randomized and quasi-randomized NIH-funded trials with medication adherence in adults as the primary outcome. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 6/2016, references, and clinicaltrials.gov. Two of 18 (11%) NIH-funded trials tested a hypothesized mechanism of an intervention's effect on medication adherence. Another 44 studies with medication adherence as a secondary outcome were described in protocol form, and are either ongoing or never published results, but none mentioned mechanism tests. Overall, 3% of NIH-funded trials with adherence as an outcome conducted, or plan to conduct, tests of behavior change mechanisms. These results mirror previous findings that very few studies of behavior change interventions actually test the mechanism by which the intervention is hypothesized to improve health behaviors. We must understand mechanisms if we are to improve the effectiveness of interventions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
It is not common that mechanisms of implementation strategies are even mentioned, much less tested.
“Unfortunately, it is not common that mechanisms are even mentioned, much less tested (63, 65, 66).”
From Enhancing the Impact of Implementation Strategies in Healthcare: A Research Agenda (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591 · see citing works
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 · Cited by 6,596 · see citing works
Actual Causes of Death in the United States, 2000
Mokdad, A. H. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 · Cited by 5,211 · see citing works
Kirk, J. M. W., MacDonald, A., Lavender, P., Dean, J. M., & Rubin, G. (2017) · Biomedicine Hub · doi:10.1159/000480347 · Cited by 3,901 · see citing works
Update on Key Emerging Challenges in Cystic Fibrosis
Jennings, M. T., Riekert, K. A., & Boyle, M. (2014) · Medical Principles and Practice · doi:10.1159/000357646 · Cited by 3,667 · see citing works
Interventions for enhancing medication adherence
Nieuwlaat, R., Wilczynski, N., Navarro, T., Hobson, N., Jeffery, R., Keepanasseril, A., Agoritsas, T., Mistry, N., Iorio, A., Jack, S., et al. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000011.pub4 · Cited by 2,945 · see citing works
Promoting an open research culture
Nosek, B. A., Alter, G., Banks, G. C., Borsboom, D., Bowman, S. D., Breckler, S. J., Buck, S., Chambers, C. D., Chin, G., Christensen, G., et al. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aab2374 · Cited by 2,708 · see citing works
DiMatteo, M. R. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9 · Cited by 2,169 · see citing works
(2012) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,951 · see citing works
Impact of Medication Adherence on Hospitalization Risk and Healthcare Cost
Sokol, M. C., McGuigan, K. A., Verbrugge, R. R., & Epstein, R. S. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000163641.86870.af · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Medication Adherence: Its Importance in Cardiovascular Outcomes
Ho, P. M., Bryson, C. L., & Rumsfeld, J. S. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.768986 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Interventions for enhancing medication adherence
Haynes, R. B., Ackloo, E., Sahota, N., McDonald, H. P., & Yao, X. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000011.pub3 · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Interventions to Enhance Patient Adherence to Medication Prescriptions: Scientific Review
McDonald, H. P., Garg, A. X., & Haynes, R. B. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.22.2868 · Cited by 1,176 · see citing works
From ideas to efficacy: The ORBIT model for developing behavioral treatments for chronic diseases
Czajkowski, S. M., Powell, L. H., Adler, N., Naar-King, S., Reynolds, K. D., Hunter, C. M., Laraia, B., Olster, D. H., Perna, F. M., Peterson, J. C., et al. (2015) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000161 · Cited by 1,161 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(Czajkowski et al., 2015; Onken, Carroll, Shoham, Cuthbert, & Riddle, 2014) The goal of the program is to implement a mechanismsfocused, experimental medicine approach to behavior change research.”
Adherence to cardiovascular therapy: a meta-analysis of prevalence and clinical consequences
Chowdhury, R., Khan, H., Heydon, E., Shroufi, A., Fahimi, S., Moore, C., Stricker, B., Mendis, S., Hofman, A., Mant, J., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht295 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Cutler, J. A., Sorlie, P. D., WOLZ, M. M., Thom, T., Fields, L. E., & Roccella, E. J. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.113357 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Reenvisioning Clinical Science: Unifying the Discipline to Improve the Public Health
Onken, L. S., Carroll, K. M., Shoham, V., Cuthbert, B. N., & Riddle, M. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702613497932 · Cited by 872 · see citing works
Vrijens, B., Vincze, G., Kristanto, P., Urquhart, J., & Burnier, M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39553.670231.25 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Multiple Chronic Conditions Among US Adults: A 2012 Update
Ward, B. W., Schiller, J. S., & Goodman, R. A. (2014) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd11.130389 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Adherence to Drugs That Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Meta-analysis on 376,162 Patients
Naderi, S. H., Bestwick, J. P., & Wald, D. S. (2012) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.12.013 · Cited by 844 · see citing works
Interventions to Enhance Medication Adherence in Chronic Medical Conditions: A Systematic Review
Kripalani, S., Yao, X., & Haynes, R. B. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.6.540 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension
Glynn, L. G., Murphy, A. W., Smith, S. M., Schroeder, K., & Fahey, T. P. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005182.pub4 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Mazzaglia, G., Ambrosioni, E., Alacqua, M., Filippi, A., Sessa, E., Immordino, V., Borghi, C., Brignoli, O., Caputi, A. P., Cricelli, C., et al. (2009) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.830299 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Medication Adherence Leads To Lower Health Care Use And Costs Despite Increased Drug Spending
Roebuck, M. C., Liberman, J. N., Gemmill, M., & Brennan, T. A. (2011) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.1087 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Anderson, J. C. (1987) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.33.4.525 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Medication adherence: a call for action
Bosworth, H. B., Granger, B. B., Mendys, P., Brindis, R., Burkholder, R., Czajkowski, S. M., Daniel, J. G., Ekman, I., Ho, M., Johnson, M., et al. (2011) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2011.06.007 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Bramley, T. J., Nightengale, B. S., Frech-Tamas, F., & Gerbino, P. P. (2006) · Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2006.12.3.239 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Edmondson, D. E. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12089 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of adherence to antihypertensive agents on clinical outcomes and hospitalization costs
Dragomir, A., Côté, R., Roy, L., Blais, L., Lalonde, L., Bérard, A., & Perreault, S. (2010) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3181d567bd · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Potentially preventable deaths from the five leading causes of death--United States, 2008-2010.
Yoon, P. W., Bastian, B. A., Anderson, R. N., Collins, J. L., & Jaffe, H. W. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The veil of experience: do consumers prefer what they know best?
Salkeld, G. P., Ryan, M., & Short, L. (2000) · Health Economics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1050(200004)9:3 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Gwadry-Sridhar, F. H., Manias, E., Lal, L., Salas, M., Hughes, D. A., Ratzki-Leewing, A., & Grubisic, M. (2013) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1631 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Kronish, I. M., Edmondson, D. E., Goldfinger, J. Z., Fei, K., & Horowitz, C. R. (2012) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.655209 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationInterventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension
Fahey, T. P., Schroeder, K., & Ebrahim, S. B. J. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005182.pub2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Post-traumatic stress disorder and medication adherence: Results from the Mind Your Heart Study
Kronish, I. M., Edmondson, D. E., Li, Y., & Cohen, B. E. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.06.011 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationZeber, J. E., Manias, E., Williams, A. F., Hutchins, D. S., Udezi, W., Roberts, C. S., & Peterson, A. M. (2013) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2013.04.014 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Key Barriers to Medication Adherence in Survivors of Strokes and Transient Ischemic Attacks
Kronish, I. M., Diefenbach, M. A., Edmondson, D. E., Phillips, L. A., Fei, K., & Horowitz, C. R. (2013) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2308-x · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationSzapocznik, J., Feaster, D. J., Mitrani, V. B., Prado, G. J., Smith, L., Robinson‐Batista, C., Schwartz, S. J., Mauer, M. H., & Robbins, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.2.288 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Kopelowicz, A. J., Zárate, R., Wallace, C. J., Liberman, R. P., Lopez, S. R., & Mintz, J. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039346 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ritchey, M., Chang, A., Powers, C. A., Loustalot, F. V., Schieb, L. J., Ketcham, M., Durthaler, J. M., & Hong, Y. (2016) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6536e1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Edmondson, D. E., Horowitz, C. R., Goldfinger, J. Z., Fei, K., & Kronish, I. M. (2013) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12022 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety sensitivity and medication nonadherence in patients with uncontrolled hypertension
Alcántara, C., Edmondson, D. E., Moise, N., Oyola, D., Hiti, D., & Kronish, I. M. (2014) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.07.009 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMoise, N., Huang, C., Rodgers, A., Kohli-Lynch, C. N., Tzong, K. Y., Coxson, P. G., Bibbins-Domingo, K. B., Goldman, L., & Moran, A. E. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06814 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Interventions used to improve control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension
Fahey, T., Schroeder, K., & Ebrahim, S. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005182.pub3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Feaster, D. J., Mitrani, V. B., Burns, M. J., McCabe, B. E., Brincks, A. M., Rodriguez, A. E., Asthana, D., & Robbins, M. S. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.017 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Medication Nonadherence in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension
Kronish, I. M., Lin, J. J., Cohen, B. E., Voils, C. I., & Edmondson, D. E. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12881 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationStructural Ecosystems Therapy for HIV+ African‐American Women and Drug Abuse Relapse
Feaster, D. J., Burns, M. J., Brincks, A. M., Prado, G. J., Mitrani, V. B., MAUER, M. H., & Szapocznik, J. (2010) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/j.1545-5300.2010.01318.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Nasseh K Frazee SG Visaria J Vlahiotis A Tian Y 2012 Cost of medication nonadherence associated with diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia American Journal of Pharmacy Benefits 4 2 e41 e47
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Enhancing the Impact of Implementation Strategies in Healthcare: A Research Agenda
Powell, B. J., Fernandez, M. E., Williams, N. J., Aarons, G. A., Beidas, R. S., Lewis, C. C., McHugh, S. M., & Weiner, B. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00003 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-020-01041-8 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Wilson, T. E., Hennessy, E. A., Falzon, L., Boyd, R., Kronish, I. M., & Birk, J. L. (2019) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2019.1706615 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Distress After Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Its Impact on Recovery
Agarwal, S., Birk, J. L., Abukhadra, S. L., Rojas, D. A., Cornelius, T. M., Bergman, M., Chang, B., Edmondson, D. E., & Kronish, I. M. (2022) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-022-01747-9 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationRoosan, D., Chok, J. I., Karim, M., Law, A. V., Baskys, A., Hwang, A., & Roosan, M. R. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/21659 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Ting, C. Y., Adruce, S. A. Z., Lim, C. J., Jabar, A. H. A. A., Ting, R. S., Ting, H., Osman, N. A., Ngau, E., Talin, B. A., Muhammad, M., et al. (2020) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.026 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Robinson, L., Arden, M. A., Dawson, S., Walters, S. J., Wildman, M. J., & Stevenson, M. (2022) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2022.2034516 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Persistent Adherence to Airway Clearance Therapy in Adults With Cystic Fibrosis
Sherman, A. C., Simonton-Atchley, S., Campbell, D., Reddy, R. M., O’Brien, C. E., Guinee, B., Wagner, L. D., & ANDERSON, P. J. (2019) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.06500 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Birk, J. L., Cumella, R., Veneros, D. L., Jurado, A., Romero, E. K., Lazarov, A., & Kronish, I. M. (2020) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000853 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationAgarwal, S., Wagner, M. K., & Mion, M. (2024) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00509 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
On the importance of identifying mechanisms and active ingredients of psychological treatments
Tolin, D. F., McKay, D., Olatunji, B. O., Abramowitz, J. S., & Otto, M. W. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104425 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Birk, J. L., Otto, M. W., Cornelius, T. M., Poldrack, R. A., & Edmondson, D. E. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.12.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationNardi, W. R., Loucks, E. B., Springs, S., Operario, D., Kronish, I. M., Gaudiano, B. A., & Sun, S. (2021) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110585 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGeorge, W. H., Blayney, J. A., Stappenbeck, C. A., & Davis, K. C. (2021) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03351-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kwak, L., Toropova, A. A., Powell, B. J., Lengnick‐Hall, R., Jensen, I. B., Bergström, G., Elinder, L. S., Stigmar, K. G. E., Wåhlin, C., & Björklund, C. (2022) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-022-01230-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hien, H. A., Tam, N. M., Minh, H. V., Tran, B. T., Hoang, L. P., Heytens, S., Devroey, D., & Anh, T. H. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0307588 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ting, C. Y., Adruce, S. A. Z., Hassali, M. A., Ting, H., Lim, C. J., Ting, R. S., Jabar, A. H. A. A., Osman, N. A., Shuib, I. S., Loo, S. C., et al. (2018) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-018-2649-9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Opening the Black Box of Implementation: Developing the Creating Active Schools Logic Model
Helme, Z. E., Chalkley, A. E., Walker, T. J., Bartholomew, J. B., Morris, J. L., McLoughlin, G. M., Bingham, D. D., & Daly-Smith, A. (2024) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000244 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
McKee, L. G., Algoe, S. B., Faro, A. L., & O’Leary, J. L. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1789697 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Butler, M. J., Romain, A.-M. N., Augustin, R., Robles, P. L., Friel, C. P., Chandereng, T., Suls, J. M., Vrany, E. A., Vicari, F. A., Cheung, Y. K., et al. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07549-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rivers, A. S., & Sanford, K. (2022) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2022.2070620 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Schenk, P. M., Michie, S., Johnston, M., & Cornelius, T. M. (2025) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.70015 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rivers, A. S., Sanford, K., Elkins, G. R., Carpenter, J. S., Rand, K. L., & Ellis, R. J. B. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320982039 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Intervention Design for Individual Behavior Change in Stroke Prevention Trials
Naqvi, I. A., Ebadi, R., Patel, S. R., George, M., Cheung, Y. K., & Kronish, I. M. (2026) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.126.056667 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018062
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018071
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018065
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018047
Butler, M. J., Romain, A.-M. N., Augustin, R., Robles, P. L., Friel, C. P., Chandereng, T., Suls, J. M., Vrany, E. A., Vicari, F., Cheung, Y. K., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23937262
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018056
Kwak, L., Toropova, A., Powell, B. J., Lengnick‐Hall, R., Jensen, I. B., Bergström, G., Elinder, L. S., Stigmar, K. G. E., Wåhlin, C., & Björklund, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20782233
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018050
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018053
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018068
Smith, J. D., Li, D. H., & Rafferty, M. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13018059
Kwak, L., Toropova, A., Powell, B. J., Lengnick‐Hall, R., Jensen, I. B., Bergström, G., Elinder, L. S., Stigmar, K. G. E., Wåhlin, C., & Björklund, C. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20782236
PICS in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest
Sayde, G. E., & Agarwal, S. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009501477.052
Overcoming Psychological Barriers to Treatment Adherence
Butler, M. J., Miller, D. T., & Goodwin, A. M. (2026) · Cardiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2025.11.005
Butler, M. J., Lobosco, D., Miller, D., Honcharuk, E. M., Cheung, Y. K., & Goodwin, A. M. (2026) · Exploration of Medicine · doi:10.37349/emed.2026.1001402
- Authors
- Edmondson, D., Falzon, L., Sundquist, K. J., Julian, J., Meli, L., Sumner, J. A., & Kronish, I. M.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Edmondson, Donald
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 101
- Pages
- 12-19
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5800992
- OpenAlex
- W2761901593
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (U24AG052175)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- medication adherence, mechanism of action, behaviour change interventions, adherence interventions, intervention effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Research Support as Topic, United States, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Drug Monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
