CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3,411Global Cancer Incidence and ScreeningCancer Risks and FactorsWomen's cancer prevention and management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Current and future burden of breast cancer: Global statistics for 2020 and 2040

Open access
Arnold, Melina, Morgan, Eileen, Rumgay, Harriet, Mafra, Allini, Singh, Deependra, Laversanne, Mathieu, Vignat, Jerome, Gralow, Julie R., Cardoso, Fatima, Siesling, Sabine, Soerjomataram, Isabelle·2022·The Breast
DOI 10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.010PMC PMC9465273
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and its burden has been rising over the past decades. In this article, we examine and describe the global burden of breast cancer in 2020 and predictions for the year 2040. METHODS: Estimates of new female breast cancer cases and deaths in 2020 were abstracted from the GLOBOCAN database. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 females by country, world region, and level of human development. Predicted cases and deaths were computed based on global demographic projections for the year 2040. RESULTS: Over 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths from breast cancer occurred in 2020. Large geographic variation across countries and world regions exists, with incidence rates ranging from <40 per 100,000 females in some Asian and African countries, to over 80 per 100,000 in Australia/New Zealand, Northern America, and parts of Europe. Smaller geographical variation was observed for mortality; however, transitioning countries continue to carry a disproportionate share of breast cancer deaths relative to transitioned countries. By 2040, the burden from breast cancer is predicted to increase to over 3 million new cases and 1 million deaths every year because of population growth and ageing alone. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and continues to have a large impact on the global number of cancer deaths. Global efforts are needed to counteract its growing burden, especially in transitioning countries where incidence is rising rapidly, and mortality rates remain high.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.010

Cites

42 of 42 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 43 references

1 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 1,000

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Arnold, M., Morgan, E., Rumgay, H., Mafra, A., Singh, D., Laversanne, M., Vignat, J., Gralow, J. R., Cardoso, F., Siesling, S., & Soerjomataram, I.
Affiliations
  • Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
  • American Society of Clinical Oncology (US)
  • Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (NL)
Corresponding author
Morgan, Eileen
ORCID
Venue
The Breast
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-12
Volume
66
Pages
15-23
ISSN
0960-9776 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.breast.2022.08.010
PMC
PMC9465273
OpenAlex
W4294189863
Cited by
3,411
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 694 · 2025: 1176 · 2024: 997 · 2023: 516 · 2022: 23
FWCI
284.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Breast (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
Susan G. Komen (CCR19608129)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
Keywords
breast cancer, global burden of disease, incidence, mortality, age-standardized rates, population projections, 2040 projections, regional variation, human development, cancer epidemiology
MeSH terms
Australia, Breast Neoplasms, Europe, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Incidence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review