Cited by 111EFL/ESL Teaching and LearningArtificial Intelligence in EducationEnglish Language Learning and Teaching

AI in informal digital English learning: A meta-analysis of its effectiveness on proficiency, motivation, and self-regulation

Open access
Guan, Lihang, Li, Shaofeng, Gu, Mingyue Michelle·2024·Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in second language acquisition within self-directed, out-of-classroom informal contexts. A total of 15 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were identified that examined the impact of GenAI on second-language proficiency, motivation, and self-regulation. GenAI was shown to have significant effects on English proficiency and self-regulation, demonstrating its versatility in enhancing language learning outcomes. However, GenAI failed to show significant effects on learning motivation, and based on this finding we highlight the need to develop measures of motivation that are suitable for GenAI in education. Possible ways to apply GenAI in the informal language learning environment are also discussed based on the included literature.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100323

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94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Guan, L., Li, S., & Gu, M. M.
Affiliations
  • Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
  • Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Corresponding author
  • Guan, Lihang
  • Gu, Mingyue Michelle
Venue
Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-12
Volume
7
Pages
100323
ISSN
2666-920X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4403915833
Cited by
72
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 43 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 1
FWCI
16.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › English Language Learning and Teaching
Keywords
generative AI, informal language learning, English as a second language, second language proficiency, student motivation, student self-regulation, self-directed learning, out-of-classroom learning, artificial intelligence in education

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