Control of size and viscoelastic properties of nanofibrillated cellulose from palm tree by varying the TEMPO-mediated oxidation time
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to control and optimize the preparation of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from the date palm tree by monitoring the oxidation time (degree of oxidation) of the pristine cellulose and the number of cycles through the homogenizer. The oxidation was monitored by TEMPO (1-oxo-2,2,6,6-tétraméthylpipyridine 1-oxyle) mediated oxidation. Evidence of the successful isolation of NFC was given by FE-SEM observation revealing fibrils with a width in the range 20-30nm, depending of the oxidation time. The evolution of the transparency of the aqueous NFC suspension and carboxylic content according to the degree of oxidation and number of cycles were also analyzed by UV-vis transmittance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. A significant NFC length reduction occurred during the TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The rheological properties of NFC suspensions were characterized as function of the oxidation time. Dynamic rheology showed that the aqueous suspension behavior changed from liquid to gel depending on the concentration. The highest concentration studied was 1wt% and the modulus reached 1MPa which was higher than for non-oxidized NFC. An explanation of the gel structure evolution with the oxidation time applied to the NFC (NFC length) was proposed. The gel structure evolves from an entanglement-governed gel structure to an immobilized water molecule-governed one.
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aNFC dispersions can form three-dimensional hydrogels even at low concentrations (0.15-0.4 wt%), but these networks rely on physical entanglement rather than covalent or strong physical crosslinking, resulting in relatively weak structures.
“Although aNFC dispersions can form three-dimensional hydrogels even at low concentrations (0.15–0.4 wt%), these networks rely on physical entanglement rather than covalent or strong physical crosslinking, resulting in relatively weak structures [34].”
From Amidated Pectin/Nanocellulose Hybrid Cryogel System with a pH-Responsive Release Profile for Small Intestinal Delivery (2025) · cites this paper as [34]
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“Although aNFC dispersions can form three-dimensional hydrogels even at low concentrations (0.15–0.4 wt%), these networks rely on physical entanglement rather than covalent or strong physical crosslinking, resulting in relatively weak structures [34].”
Influential
- Authors
- Benhamou, K., Dufresne, A., Magnin, A., Mortha, G., & Kaddami, H.
- Affiliations
- Institut polytechnique de Grenoble (FR)
- Cadi Ayyad University (MA)
- Corresponding author
- Kaddami, Hamid
- Venue
- Carbohydrate Polymers
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 99
- Pages
- 74-83
- ISSN
- 0144-8617 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2021560984
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Carbohydrate Polymers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technologies
- PHC VOLUBILIS (24508WD)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
- Keywords
- cellulose nanofibers, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, oxidation time, carboxyl content, viscoelasticity, rheology, gelation
- MeSH terms
- Cellulose, Cyclic N-Oxides, Elasticity, Gels, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Oxidation-Reduction, Rheology, Suspensions, Trees, Viscosity, Water, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Plant Stems, Arecaceae, Phase Transition, Elastic Modulus, Nanofibers
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