Nanocellulose/Gelatin Composite Cryogels for Controlled Drug Release
Abstract
Nanocellulose/gelatin composite cryogels with controllable porosity, reversible network structure and good biocompatibility were constructed via the chemical cross-linking of dialdehyde starch and further used as the carriers for controlled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) release. The pore structure of the composite cryogels was successfully tuned by changing the dosages and ratios of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), gelatin and dialdehyde starch. Under the same density of cryogels, increasing the NFC content results in higher specific surface area and porosity. The swelling ratios first increase and then decrease with an increase in the contents of NFC and dialdehyde starch, and the swelling ratios of cryogels are relatively higher in neutral medium than those in acidic medium. The drug loading improvement is favored by increasing the NFC content and cross-linking degree. The drug-loaded cryogels show controllable and sustained release of 5-FU in vitro, which is attributed to the hydration of gelatin and reversible hydrolysis of acetal/hemiacetal. The behaviors of drug release are dependent on the structures of cryogels including the NFC/gelation ratio, density and cross-linking degree as well as the pH values. The sustained release time of the cryogel carrier is able to reach 12 h in a simulated intestinal environment.
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NFC-based carriers tend to exhibit excessive swelling and uncontrolled drug release, which limits their precision in controlled delivery applications.
“In contrast, NFC-based carriers tend to exhibit excessive swelling and uncontrolled drug release, which limits their precision in controlled delivery applications [28].”
From Amidated Pectin/Nanocellulose Hybrid Cryogel System with a pH-Responsive Release Profile for Small Intestinal Delivery (2025) · cites this paper as [28]
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Feng, S., Laurén, P., Zini, J., Gounani, Z., Bi, J., Yi, J., & Laaksonen, T. (2025) · Gels · doi:10.3390/gels11090700 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In contrast, NFC-based carriers tend to exhibit excessive swelling and uncontrolled drug release, which limits their precision in controlled delivery applications [28].”
- Authors
- Li, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, Z., Dai, H., & Wu, W.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing Forestry University (CN)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Qilu University of Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Weibing
- Venue
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-02-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 6381-6389
- ISSN
- 2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2912055378
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 5.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20171450)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2017YFD0601005)
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements
- Keywords
- controlled drug release, 5-fluorouracil, cellulose nanofibers, dialdehyde starch, crosslinking, porosity control, swelling behavior, drug loading, pH-responsive drug release, sustained drug release, biocompatibility
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