Choreographing an enzyme's dance
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While ground state structures combined with chemical tools and enzyme kinetics deliver useful information on possible chemical mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, they do not unravel the finely balanced energy inventory to explain the impressive rate enhancement of enzymes. For this goal, a complete description of enzyme catalysis in the form of an energy landscape is needed. Since the rate of catalysis is determined by the climb over a sequence of energy barriers, we focus here on the critical question of transition pathways. A combination of time-resolved NMR and simulation deliver a glimpse into how proteins can so efficiently move within the ensemble of the native conformations while avoiding unfolding during that journey. The loss of energy due to breakage of native contacts is compensated by non-native transient hydrogen bonds during the transition thereby 'holding on' to the energy until the new native contacts form that define the alternate functional state. The use of kinetic isotope effects (KIE) to study the chemical step show that coordinated atomic fluctuations of the protein component dictate the probability of 'correct' distance and orientation, due to its extreme sensitivity to distance. The examples here stress the point that highly choreographed conformational sampling together with chemical integrity is a prerequisite for efficient enzyme catalysis.
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The rate of enzyme conversion of substrates to products is not the speed of the chemical step.
“The rate by which the enzyme converts substrates into products is not the speed of the chemical step.448”
From Protein Ensembles: How Does Nature Harness Thermodynamic Fluctuations for Life? The Diverse Functional Roles of Conformational Ensembles in the Cell (2016) · cites this paper as [448]
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- Authors
- Villali, J., & Kern, D.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kern, Dorothee
- ORCID
- Kern, Dorothee
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 636-643
- ISSN
- 1367-5931 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2987738
- OpenAlex
- W2020464495
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Chemical Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007596, GM 67963, GM62117, R01GM062117, R01GM067963)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Reaction Mechanisms
- Keywords
- enzyme catalysis, energy landscape, transition state, conformational dynamics, protein conformational sampling, kinetic isotope effects, protein flexibility, time-resolved NMR, molecular dynamics simulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Enzymes, Humans, Hydrogen, Kinetics, Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase, Thermodynamics, Biocatalysis
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