The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Polysaccharide Processing and Presentation by the MHCII Pathway
Open accessAbstract
The adaptive immune system functions through the combined action of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Specifically, class I major histocompatibility complex antigen presentation to CD8(+) T cells is limited to proteosome-generated peptides from intracellular pathogens while the class II (MHCII) endocytic pathway presents only proteolytic peptides from extracellular pathogens to CD4(+) T cells. Carbohydrates have been thought to stimulate immune responses independently of T cells; however, zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) from the capsules of some bacteria can activate CD4(+) T cells. Here we show that ZPSs are processed to low molecular weight carbohydrates by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism and presented to T cells through the MHCII endocytic pathway. Furthermore, these carbohydrates bind to MHCII inside APCs for presentation to T cells. Our observations begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which some carbohydrates induce important immunologic responses through T cell activation, suggesting a fundamental shift in the MHCII presentation paradigm.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“PSA induces secretion of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by CD4+ T cells and promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into TH1 cells over TH2 cells.”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Cobb et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“The production of IL-10 is primarily mediated by DCs, which internalize PSA and present fragments to CD4+ T cells in conjunction with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), thus stimulating activation and clonal expansion of T cells.”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Cobb et al., 2004
In the citing paper
“Importantly, PSA also activates toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expressed on the surface of DCs, which triggers the release of cytokines that promote IL-10 production by T cells (Cobb et al., 2004; Dasgupta et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2015; Mazmanian et al., 2005; 2008; Telesford et al., 2015; Q. Wang et al., 2006).”
From Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System (2017) · cites this paper as Cobb et al., 2004
Citations
Cites
Cellular and Molecular Immunology
Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H., & Pillai, S. S. (1994) · Cited by 3,571
Cellular and Molecular Immunology
Denman, A. M. (1992) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.68.798.305 · Cited by 2,807
Structures and mechanisms of glycosyl hydrolases
Davies, G. J., & Henrissat, B. (1995) · Structure · doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(01)00220-9 · Cited by 2,118
Pollock, J. D., Williams, D. A., Gifford, M. A. C., Li, L. L., Du, X., Fisherman, J., Orkin, S. H., Doerschuk, C. M., & Dinauer, M. C. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0295-202 · Cited by 921
CAPTURE AND PROCESSING OF EXOGENOUS ANTIGENS FOR PRESENTATION ON MHC MOLECULES
Watts, C. K. W. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.821 · Cited by 754
Mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase are not resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced death.
Laubach, V. E., Shesely, E. G., Smithies, O., & Sherman, P. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.23.10688 · Cited by 580
Mediation by HLA-DM of dissociation of peptides from HLA-DR
Sloan, V. S., Cameron, P. M., Porter, G., Gammon, M. T., Amaya, M., Mellins, E., & Zaller, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375802a0 · Cited by 546
Cathepsin S Required for Normal MHC Class II Peptide Loading and Germinal Center Development
Shi, G., Villadangos, J. A., Dranoff, G., Small, C. G., Gu, L., Haley, K. J., Riese, R. J., Ploegh, H. L., & Chapman, H. A. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80020-5 · Cited by 524
Redox signaling in macrophages
Forman, H. J. (2001) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0098-2997(01)00010-3 · Cited by 521
Rye, C. S., & Withers, S. G. (2000) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/s1367-5931(00)00135-6 · Cited by 470
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ecological and Evolutionary Forces Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Human Intestine
Ley, R. E., Peterson, D. A., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.017 · Cited by 3,358
An Immunomodulatory Molecule of Symbiotic Bacteria Directs Maturation of the Host Immune System
Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.007 · Cited by 2,910
Postler, T. S., & Ghosh, S. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.008 · Cited by 876
“…PSA also activates toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expressed on the surface of DCs, which triggers the release of cytokines that promote IL-10 production by T cells (Cobb et al., 2004; Dasgupta et al., 2014; Johnson et al., 2015; Mazmanian et al., 2005, 2008; Telesford et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2006).”
BackgroundThe effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells
Chan, G., Chan, W. K., & Sze, D. (2009) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/1756-8722-2-25 · Cited by 896
Marginal zone B cells: virtues of innate-like antibody-producing lymphocytes
Cerutti, A., Cols, M., & Puga, I. (2013) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3383 · Cited by 837
Metadata
- Authors
- Cobb, B. A., Wang, Q., Tzianabos, A. O., & Kasper, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kasper, Dennis L
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 677-687
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2917993
- OpenAlex
- W1988183869
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI007061, AI52397, AI039576, R01AI039576, R01AI052397, T32AI007061)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- zwitterionic polysaccharides, MHC class II antigen presentation, nitric oxide, T cell activation, antigen-presenting cells, bacterial capsule, CD4+ T cells, endocytic pathway
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Endocytosis, Polysaccharides, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, T-Lymphocytes, Antigen Presentation, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
