Biological Functions of Autophagy Genes: A Disease Perspective

In the citing paper

“In patients, loss-of-function mutations of genes that regulate or execute autophagy have been causally linked to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular, infectious, neurodegenerative, metabolic, musculoskeletal, ocular and pulmonary disorders, many of which resemble to premature aging at the histopathological and functional levels 89,90 .”

In the citing paper

“Protein aggregates can also be removed by macroautophagy upon their inclusion in two-membrane vesicles, the autophagosomes, for their later fusion with lysosomes 89 .”

In the citing paper

“There is consistency in the literature about the beneficial role of green tea on senescence-related mechanisms, thanks to its scavenging properties against ROS and RNS and its ability to stimulate autophagy [279,280,281,282].”

In the citing paper

“For this reason, baseline autophagy is required for the maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness”

In the citing paper

“Fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes requires microtubule-based transport, tethering factors, and SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein [SNAP] receptor) proteins (Leidal et al., 2018; Levine and Kroemer, 2019).”

In the citing paper

“In autophagy, damaged organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, peroxisomes) and cellular material (e.g., proteins, lipids, nucleic acids) are enclosed in a double-membraned autophagosome and delivered to lysosomes for degradation (Leidal et al., 2018; Levine and Kroemer, 2019).”

In the citing paper

“However, prolonged stress downregulates autophagy, which could send the cell into a spiral of increased debris, mitochondrial injury, and eventual metabolic reprogramming (Leidal et al., 2018; Levine and Kroemer, 2019).”

In the citing paper

“These include syntaxin-17 on autophagosomes and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) 7/8 on endolysosomal membranes (Levine and Kroemer, 2019).”