The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 68 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Long-Term Expansion of Functional Mouse and Human Hepatocytes as 3D Organoids
Open accessAbstract
The mammalian liver possesses a remarkable regenerative ability. Two modes of damage response have been described: (1) The "oval cell" response emanates from the biliary tree when all hepatocytes are affected by chronic liver disease. (2) A massive, proliferative response of mature hepatocytes occurs upon acute liver damage such as partial hepatectomy (PHx). While the oval cell response has been captured in vitro by growing organoids from cholangiocytes, the hepatocyte proliferative response has not been recapitulated in culture. Here, we describe the establishment of a long-term 3D organoid culture system for mouse and human primary hepatocytes. Organoids can be established from single hepatocytes and grown for multiple months, while retaining key morphological, functional and gene expression features. Transcriptional profiles of the organoids resemble those of proliferating hepatocytes after PHx. Human hepatocyte organoids proliferate extensively after engraftment into mice and thus recapitulate the proliferative damage-response of hepatocytes.
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“the formation of organoids also recapitulate a 3D in vivo‐like microenvironment that may well compensate for the lack of structural support for tissue formation in the damaged extracellular matrix environment when used as xenografts.[ 18 , 19 ]”
From Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
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“Hu et al. demonstrated that hepatocyte-derived organoids undergo an initial 30-day quiescent phase post-transplantation, succeeded by rapid and extensive liver repopulation akin to that of PHs [16].”
From The Hepatocyte Expansion Paradox: A Review of In Vitro Challenges and Advances (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
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“We further demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of multiplexed CRISPR base-editing for cancer modeling across several epithelial tissues by mutating liver, endometrium, and organoids32–34.”
From One-step generation of tumor models by base editor multiplexing in adult stem cell-derived organoids (2023) · cites this paper as [33]
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“Furtherly, functional intestinal organoids exhibit a relatively thick mucus layer due to mucus secretion from mature goblet cells122, which can be detected by Alcian blue (AB) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining123,124.”
From Organoids (2022) · cites this paper as [124]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Hu, H., Gehart, H., Artegiani, B., LÖpez-Iglesias, C., Dekkers, F., Basak, O., van Es, J., Chuva de Sousa Lopes, S. M., Begthel, H., Korving, J., van den Born, M., Zou, C., Quirk, C., Chiriboga, L., Rice, C. M., Ma, S., Rios, A., Peters, P. J., de Jong, Y. P., & Clevers, H.
- Affiliations
- Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NL)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Rockefeller University (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Princess Máxima Center (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Clevers, Hans
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1591-1606.e19
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2903148550
- Cited by
- 837
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 74 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 141 · 2023: 122 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 41.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- MKMD (114021012)
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ZonMw
- Koerber Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501179)
- Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientist in Shandong Province (BS2014SW004)
- Future Scientist Program of Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC
- NWO-ZonMW (016.166.119)
- NWO/VENI (863.15.015)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Keywords
- hepatocyte organoids, 3D organoid culture, primary hepatocytes, partial hepatectomy, hepatocyte proliferation, liver regeneration, cholangiocytes, engraftment, mouse hepatocytes, human hepatocytes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Organoids, Stem Cells, Time Factors, Mice, Knockout, Cell Culture Techniques, Hepatocytes, Cell Proliferation, Mice
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