The DOI matches its Crossref record; 147 of the 151 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Novel approaches for vaccine development
Open accessAbstract
Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a number of examples where they have not been successful, such as for persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens with high sequence variability, complex viral antigens, and emerging pathogens. Novel technologies such as nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines offer the potential to revolutionize vaccine development as they are well-suited to address existing technology limitations. In this review, we discuss the current state of RNA vaccines, recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and advances from biomaterials and engineering that address these important public health challenges.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“First, mRNA is a non-infective and non-integrating agent with the ability to encode a broad range of antigens4,15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Finally, mRNA-1273 obtained Emergency Use Authorization from the FDA and conditional marketing authorization from the EMA within a year15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“For example, the clinical-grade COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-1273, was produced within a month after the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence was available15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“About 2, 5 and 6 months from sequence availability, clinical trial phases I, II and III were initiated, respectively15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“These features make lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations a flexible and on-demand vaccine platform to rapidly respond to emerging infectious pathogens4,15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Finally, GMP-grade lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines can be manufactured for specific antigens in a short period of time, compared with other vaccine platforms, such as recombinant proteins and inactivated vaccines2,4,15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Since then, lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations have emerged as a potent alternative to conventional vaccine platforms, owing to their unique features4,15,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“Polymers, such as polyethyleneimine, protamine and polyaspartamide derivatives, are already widely used for mRNA delivery7–17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine
Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Pérez Marc, G., Moreira, E. D., Zerbini, C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034577 · Cited by 14,592
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119
Voysey, M., Clemens, S. A. C., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Baillie, V. L., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32661-1 · Cited by 4,616
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173 · cited 3×
“Lipid nanoparticle mRNA delivery In contrast to naked mRNA, formulated mRNA has been shown to result in higher protein expression in vitro and more potent immune responses in vivo (Pollard et al., 2013; Wolff et al., 1990).”
Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses
Iwasaki, A., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1112 · Cited by 4,166
An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report
Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Chappell, J. D., Denison, M. R., Stevens, L. J., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2022483 · Cited by 3,237 · cited 4×
“mRNA-1273 vaccine candidates, both encoding the SARS-CoV-2 pre-fusion stabilized S2P protein, which showed very high efficacy in Phase 3 trials (Baden et al., 2020a; Jackson et al., 2020; Mulligan et al., 2020; Polack et al., 2020).”
InfluentialPatisiran, an RNAi Therapeutic, for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Adams, D., Gonzalez-Duarte, A., O’Riordan, W. D., Yang, C.-C., Ueda, M., Kristen, A. V., Tournev, I., Schmidt, H. H., Coelho, T., Berk, J. L., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1716153 · Cited by 3,047
Karikó, K., Buckstein, M., Ni, H., & Weissman, D. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008 · Cited by 2,728
mRNA-based therapeutics--developing a new class of drugs
Sahin, U., Karikó, K., & Türeci, Ö. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4278 · Cited by 2,474
Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Goldstein, 2020, Safety and Immunogenicity of Heterologous and Homologous Two Dose Regimens of Ad26- and MVA-Vectored Ebola Vaccines: A Randomized, Controlled Phase 1 Study, J. Infect. Dis.
- Mulligan, 2020, Phase I/II study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults, Nature, 586, 589, 10.1038/s41586-020-2639-4 · DOI · Paper page
- Sadoff, 2020, Safety and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine candidate: interim results of a phase 1/2a, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, medRxiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery
Hou, X., Zaks, T., Langer, R., & Dong, Y. (2021) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-021-00358-0 · Cited by 4,076
Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy
Xie, N., Shen, G., Gao, W., Huang, Z., Huang, C., & Fu, L. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x · Cited by 1,020
Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials
Cao, D., & Ding, J. (2022) · Regenerative Biomaterials · doi:10.1093/rb/rbac098 · Cited by 277
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines
Bezbaruah, R., Chavda, V. P., Nongrang, L., Alom, S., Deka, K., Kalita, T., Ali, F., Bhattacharjee, B., & Vora, L. K. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10111946 · Cited by 276
Lipid nanoparticles in the development of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19
Wilson, B., & Geetha, K. M. (2022) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103553 · Cited by 265
Metadata
- Authors
- Gebre, M. S., Brito, L. A., Tostanoski, L. H., Edwards, D. K., Carfi, A., & Barouch, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Moderna Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barouch, Dan H.
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1589-1603
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8049514
- OpenAlex
- W3137746616
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 21
- FWCI
- 5.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 383 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA260476)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U19AI128751, T32AI007387)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- vaccine development, RNA vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, viral vector vaccines, recombinant adenovirus vector, persistent infection, emerging pathogens, biomaterials
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, mRNA Vaccines, Adenoviridae, Animals, Antigens, Viral, Biocompatible Materials, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Liposomes, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Synthetic, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanoparticles
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review