Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might be curtailed by vaccination. We assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of a viral vectored coronavirus vaccine that expresses the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods We did a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial in five trial sites in the UK of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein compared with a meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) as control. Healthy adults aged 18–55 years with no history of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19-like symptoms were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 at a dose of 5 × 10 10 viral particles or MenACWY as a single intramuscular injection. A protocol amendment in two of the five sites allowed prophylactic paracetamol to be administered before vaccination. Ten participants assigned to a non-randomised, unblinded ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime-boost group received a two-dose schedule, with the booster vaccine administered 28 days after the first dose. Humoral responses at baseline and following vaccination were assessed using a standardised total IgG ELISA against trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a muliplexed immunoassay, three live SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation assays (a 50% plaque reduction neutralisation assay [PRNT 50 ]; a microneutralisation assay [MNA 50 , MNA 80 , and MNA 90 ]; and Marburg VN), and a pseudovirus neutralisation assay. Cellular responses were assessed using an ex-vivo interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The co-primary outcomes are to assess efficacy, as measured by cases of symptomatic virologically confirmed COVID-19, and safety, as measured by the occurrence of serious adverse events. Analyses were done by group allocation in participants who received the vaccine. Safety was assessed over 28 days after vaccination. Here, we report the preliminary findings on safety, reactogenicity, and cellular and humoral immune responses. The study is ongoing, and was registered at ISRCTN, 15281137, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606. Findings Between April 23 and May 21, 2020, 1077 participants were enrolled and assigned to receive either ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n=543) or MenACWY (n=534), ten of whom were enrolled in the non-randomised ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime-boost group. Local and systemic reactions were more common in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and many were reduced by use of prophylactic paracetamol, including pain, feeling feverish, chills, muscle ache, headache, and malaise (all p<0·05). There were no serious adverse events related to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. In the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, spike-specific T-cell responses peaked on day 14 (median 856 spot-forming cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IQR 493–1802; n=43). Anti-spike IgG responses rose by day 28 (median 157 ELISA units [EU], 96–317; n=127), and were boosted following a second dose (639 EU, 360–792; n=10). Neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 32 (91%) of 35 participants after a single dose when measured in MNA 80 and in 35 (100%) participants when measured in PRNT 50 . After a booster dose, all participants had neutralising activity (nine of nine in MNA 80 at day 42 and ten of ten in Marburg VN on day 56). Neutralising antibody responses correlated strongly with antibody levels measured by ELISA ( R 2 =0·67 by Marburg VN; p<0·001). Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 showed an acceptable safety profile, and homologous boosting increased antibody responses. These results, together with the induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses, support large-scale evaluation of this candidate vaccine in an ongoing phase 3 programme. Funding UK Research and Innovation, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In phase 1 trials, mRNA-based vaccines (ARCoV, BNT162b1) and adenovirus-vector vaccines (ChAdOx1, Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine) induced a strong T-helper-1-cell response in most participants.
“In phase 1 trials, mRNA-based vaccines (ARCoV, BNT162b1)16 and adenovirus-vector vaccines (ChAdOx1,25 Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine)26 induced a strong T-helper-1-cell response in most participants.”
From Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 ARCoV mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
The Discussion reports marked increases in spike-specific effector T-cell responses after ChAdOx1 vaccination, and the paper says cellular responses were induced in all participants assessed by day 14. However, the Methods describe an interferon-γ assay of antigen-specific T cells, not a measurement establishing that those cells were specifically T-helper-1 cells. This citation is attached to ChAdOx1, so the other vaccines in the sentence are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeak neutralizing antibody levels after licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are about half to four times those observed in convalescent individuals.
“the currently licensed vaccines have been shown to produce peak neutralizing antibody responses that range from approximately half to four-times those seen in convalescent patients24,64–67 (preprint data, not yet peer reviewed)68.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [65]
A single dose of adenovirus-vectored vaccines induces polyfunctional antibodies that neutralize virus and mediate other antibody-dependent effector functions, plus strong T cell responses.
“After a single dose, the adenovirus vaccines elicit polyfunctional antibodies that are capable of mediating virus neutralization and of driving other antibody-dependent effector functions, as well as potent T cell responses.”
From Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [128]
The University of Oxford-sponsored studies were initially planned as single-dose studies but were amended to incorporate a second dose after review of phase 1 immunogenicity data showing a substantial increase in neutralising antibody with a second dose.
“The University of Oxford-sponsored studies were initially planned as single-dose studies but were amended to incorporate a second dose after review of the phase 1 immunogenicity data, which showed a substantial increase in neutralising antibody with a second dose of vaccine.12”
A second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induces increased neutralising antibody levels.
“A second dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induces increased neutralising antibody levels10, 12 and is probably necessary for long-lasting protection.”
The proportion of the population with strong neutralizing activity increases with a second dose.
“It is known that the proportion of the population with strong neutralizing activity increases with a second dose (Folegatti et al., 2020)”
From Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum (2021) · cites this paper as Folegatti et al., 2020
Vaccination can cause systemic reactions, including fever and fatigue, which might prompt more testing for covid-19 in the first few days after vaccination, leading to an artificially low vaccine effectiveness in that period.
“Vaccination can also cause systemic reactions, including fever and fatigue.23 24 This might prompt more testing for covid-19 in the first few days after vaccination, which, if due to a vaccine reaction, will produce a negative result. This is likely to explain the increased testing immediately after vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and leads to an artificially low vaccine effectiveness in that period.25”
Multiple candidate vaccines had similar immunogenicity profiles to the COVID-19 RNA vaccines in humans, with equivalent or better neutralizing antibody titers or CD4+ T cell responses.
“Multiple candidate vaccines had similar immunogenicity profiles to the COVID-19 RNA vaccines in humans, with equivalent or better neutralizing antibody titers or CD4+ T cell responses”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Folegatti et al., 2020
In the limited subset of 10 participants who received a prime-boost ChAdOx1 vaccine, fever was exclusively reported after the prime dose in 40% of subjects, but resolved after 2 days.
“In the limited subset of 10 participants who received a prime-boost vaccine, fever was exclusively reported after the prime dose in 40% of the subjects, but once again resolved after 2 days.”
From The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
The prime ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine commonly caused fatigue and headache, but the incidence of these AEs could be significantly reduced by prophylactic paracetamol.
“The prime vaccine commonly caused fatigue and headache, but the incidence of these AEs could be significantly reduced by prophylactic paracetamol.”
From The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case (2021) · cites this paper as [85]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sutherland, A., Premkumar, L., Jadi, R. S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 · Cited by 3,595 · see citing works
Self-citationConvergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Convalescent Individuals
Robbiani, D. F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Barnes, C. O., Gazumyan, A., Finkin, S., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19
Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J.-B., Olsson, A., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Kamal, H., Bogdanovic, G., Muschiol, S., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.017 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques
Yu, J., Tostanoski, L. H., Peter, L., Mercado, N. B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S. H., Nkolola, J. P., Liu, J., Li, Z., Chandrashekar, A., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc6284 · Cited by 997 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiskopf, D., Schmitz, K. S., Raadsen, M. P., Grifoni, A., Okba, N. M. A., Endeman, H., van den Akker, J. P. C., Molenkamp, R., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Gorp, E. C. M., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2071 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Liu, L., Wei, Q., Lin, Q., Fang, J., Wang, H., Kwok, H., Tang, H., Nishiura, K., Peng, J., Tan, Z., et al. (2019) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.123158 · Cited by 830 · see citing works
Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Gralinski, L., Totura, A., Heise, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.06048-11 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques
Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qi, F., Gao, H., Yu, P., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc5343 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Dicks, M. D. J., Spencer, A. J., Edwards, N. J., Wadell, G., Bojang, K., Gilbert, S. C., Hill, A. V. S., & Cottingham, M. G. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040385 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationA monovalent chimpanzee adenovirus Ebola vaccine boosted with MVA
Ewer, K., Rampling, T., Venkatraman, N., Bowyer, G., Wright, D., Lambe, T., Imoukhuede, E. B., Payne, R., Fehling, S. K., Strecker, T., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411627 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citationWeingartl, H. M., Czub, M., Czub, S., Neufeld, J., Marszal, P., Gren, J., Smith, G. A., Jones, S. E., Proulx, R., Deschambault, Y., et al. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.22.12672-12676.2004 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19Preprint
Sekine, T., Perez‐Potti, A., Rivera‐Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J., Olsson, A., Llewellyn‐Lacey, S., Kamal, H., Bogdanović, G., Muschiol, S., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.29.174888 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Folegatti, P. M., Bittaye, M., Flaxman, A. L., Lopez, F. R., Bellamy, D. G., Kupke, A., Mair, C., Makinson, R., Sheridan, J., Rohde, C., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30160-2 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Self-citationCoughlan, L., Sridhar, S., Payne, R., Edmans, M. D., Milicic, A., Venkatraman, N., Lugonja, B., Clifton, L., Qi, C., Folegatti, P. M., et al. (2018) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.011 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationFidler, S. J., Stöhr, W., Pace, M. J., Dorrell, L., Lever, A. M. L., Pett, S. L., Loes, S. K., Fox, J., Clarke, A. E., Nelson, M. R., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32990-3 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationA single dose of ChAdOx1 MERS provides protective immunity in rhesus macaques
van Doremalen, N., Haddock, E., Feldmann, F., Meade-White, K. D., Bushmaker, T., Fischer, R. J., Okumura, A., Hanley, P. W., Saturday, G. A., Edwards, N. J., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba8399 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationMothe, B., Manzardo, C., Sánchez-Bernabéu, Á., Coll, P., Morón‐López, S., Puertas, M. C., Rosás-Umbert, M., Cobarsí, P., Escrig, R., Pérez‐Álvarez, N., et al. (2019) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.05.009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationHesse, E. M., Shimabukuro, T. T., Su, J. R., Hibbs, B. F., Dooling, K. L., Goud, R., Lewis, P., Ng, C. S., & Cano, M. V. (2019) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6804a4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bliss, C. M., Bowyer, G., Anagnostou, N. A., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-21630-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hanke, T. (2019) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2019.1675518 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Novel Recombinant Simian Adenovirus ChAdOx2 as a Vectored Vaccine
Folegatti, P. M., Bellamy, D. G., Roberts, R., Powlson, J., Edwards, N. J., Mair, C., Bowyer, G., Poulton, I. D., Mitton, C. H., Green, N., et al. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7020040 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationLaboratory-Scale Production of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Vectored Vaccines
Morris, S. J., Turner, A. V., Green, N. H., et al. (2015) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [9]van Doremalen N ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques BioRxiv 2020 published online May 13. 10.1101/2020.05.13.093195 (preprint) 33469217 · DOI · Paper page
- [18]Wang X Guo X Xin Q Neutralizing antibodies responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 inpatients and convalescent patients Clin Infect Dis 2020 published online June 4. 10.1093/cid/ciaa721ciaa721 PMC7314147 32497196 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · see citing works
Skivington, K., Matthews, L., Simpson, S. A., Craig, P., Baird, J., Blazeby, J. M., Boyd, K. A., Craig, N., French, D. P., McIntosh, E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2061 · Cited by 5,808 · see citing works
Voysey, M., Clemens, S. A. C., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Baillie, V. L., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32661-1 · Cited by 4,616 · see citing works
Self-citationKhoury, D. S., Cromer, D., Reynaldi, A., Schlub, T. E., Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Subbarao, K., Kent, S. J., Triccas, J. A., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 · Cited by 3,742 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development
Krammer, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Rydyznski Moderbacher, C., Ramirez, S. I., Dan, J. M., Grifoni, A., Hastie, K. M., Weiskopf, D., Belanger, S., Abbott, R. K., Kim, C., Choi, J., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 · Cited by 1,790 · see citing works
Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA
Loomba, S., de Figueiredo, A., Piatek, S. J., de Graaf, K., & Larson, H. J. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01056-1 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Zeng, G., Pan, H., Li, C., Hu, Y., Chu, K., Han, W., Chen, Z., Tang, R., Yin, W., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30843-4 · Cited by 1,504 · see citing works
Self-citationRamasamy, M. N., Minassian, A. M., Ewer, K. J., Flaxman, A. L., Folegatti, P. M., Owens, D. R., Voysey, M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Babbage, G., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32466-1 · Cited by 1,324 · see citing works
Self-citationViral vector platforms within the gene therapy landscape
Bulcha, J. T., Wang, Y., Ma, H., Tai, P. W. L., & Gao, G. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00487-6 · Cited by 1,404 · see citing works
Lopez Bernal, J., Andrews, N., Gower, C., Robertson, C., Stowe, J., Tessier, E., Simmons, R., Cottrell, S., Roberts, R., O’Doherty, M., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n1088 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant
Madhi, S. A., Baillie, V., Cutland, C. L., Voysey, M., Koen, A. L., Fairlie, L., Padayachee, S. D., Dheda, K., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2102214 · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Self-citationPeng, Y., Mentzer, A. J., Liu, G., Yao, X., Yin, Z., Dong, D., Dejnirattisai, W., Rostron, T., Supasa, P., Liu, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-0782-6 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Self-citationVoysey, M., Costa Clemens, S. A., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Baillie, V. L., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00432-3 · Cited by 1,119 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
Feng, S., Phillips, D. J., White, T., Sayal, H., Aley, P. K., Bibi, S., Dold, C., Fuskova, M., Gilbert, S. C., Hirsch, I., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01540-1 · Cited by 1,163 · see citing works
Self-citationAging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention
Chen, Y., Klein, S. L., Garibaldi, B. T., Li, H., Wu, C., Osevala, N. M., Li, T., Margolick, J. B., Pawelec, G., & Leng, S. X. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101205 · Cited by 1,007 · see citing works
Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine
Sadoff, J., Le Gars, M., Shukarev, G., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., de Groot, A. M., Stoop, J., Tete, S., Van Damme, W., Leroux-Roels, I., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2034201 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses
Dejnirattisai, W., Huo, J., Zhou, D., Zahradník, J., Supasa, P., Liu, C., Duyvesteyn, H. M. E., Ginn, H. M., Mentzer, A. J., Tuekprakhon, A., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.046 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies
Jeyanathan, M., Afkhami, S., Smaill, F., Miller, M. S., Lichty, B. D., & Xing, Z. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00434-6 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Logunov, D. Y., Dolzhikova, I. V., Zubkova, O. V., Tukhvatulin, A. I., Shcheblyakov, D. V., Dzharullaeva, A. S., Grousova, D. M., Erokhova, A. S., Kovyrshina, A. V., Botikov, A. G., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31866-3 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum
Liu, C., Ginn, H. M., Dejnirattisai, W., Supasa, P., Wang, B., Tuekprakhon, A., Nutalai, R., Zhou, D., Mentzer, A. J., Zhao, Y., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.020 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 sensitivity to mRNA vaccine-elicited, convalescent and monoclonal antibodies
Collier, D. A., De Marco, A., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Meng, B., Datir, R., Walls, A. C., Kemp S, S. A., Bassi, J., Pinto, D., Fregni, C. S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.01.19.21249840 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies
Collier, D. A., De Marco, A., Ferreira, I. A. T. M., Meng, B., Datir, R. P., Walls, A. C., Kemp, S. A., Bassi, J., Pinto, D., Silacci-Fregni, C., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03412-7 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
Self-citationPhase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Covid-19 Vaccine
Falsey, A. R., Sobieszczyk, M. E., Hirsch, I., Sproule, S., Robb, M. L., Corey, L., Neuzil, K. M., Hahn, W., Hunt, J., Mulligan, M. J., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2105290 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
Thomson, E. C., Rosen, L. E., Shepherd, J. G., Spreafico, R., da Silva Filipe, A., Wojcechowskyj, J. A., Davis, C., Piccoli, L., Pascall, D. J., Dillen, J., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.037 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Emary, K. R. W., Golubchik, T., Aley, P. K., Ariani, C. V., Angus, B., Bibi, S., Blane, B., Bonsall, D., Cicconi, P., Charlton, S., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00628-0 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Self-citationUltrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms
Tortorici, M. A., Beltramello, M., Lempp, F. A., Pinto, D., Dang, H. V., Rosen, L. E., McCallum, M., Bowen, J., Minola, A., Jaconi, S., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe3354 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Immunological mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection against COVID-19 in humans
Sadarangani, M., Marchant, A., & Kollmann, T. R. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00578-z · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Modeling COVID-19 scenarios for the United States
IHME COVID-19 Forecasting Team, Reiner, R. C., Barber, R. M., Collins, J. K., Zheng, P., Adolph, C., Albright, J., Antony, C. M., Aravkin, A. Y., Bachmeier, S. D., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1132-9 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Self-citationWalls, A. C., Fiala, B., Schäfer, A., Wrenn, S., Pham, M. N., Murphy, M., Tse, L. V., Shehata, L., O’Connor, M. A., Chen, C., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
Fang, E., Liu, X., Li, M., Zhang, Z., Song, L., Zhu, B., Wu, X., Liu, J., Zhao, D., & Li, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00950-y · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Self-citationRöltgen, K., Powell, A. E., Wirz, O. F., Stevens, B. A., Hogan, C. A., Najeeb, J., Hunter, M., Wang, H., Sahoo, M. K., Huang, C., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abe0240 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
The dawn of mRNA vaccines: the COVID-19 case
Verbeke, R., Lentacker, I., De Smedt, S. C., & Dewitte, H. (2021) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.043 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Ella, R., Vadrevu, K. M., Jogdand, H., Prasad, S., Reddy, S., Sarangi, V., Ganneru, B., Sapkal, G., Yadav, P., Abraham, P., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30942-7 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view
Chung, J. Y., Thone, M. N., & Kwon, Y. J. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.011 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Novel approaches for vaccine development
Gebre, M. S., Brito, L. A., Tostanoski, L. H., Edwards, D. K., Carfi, A., & Barouch, D. H. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.030 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Compromised Humoral Functional Evolution Tracks with SARS-CoV-2 Mortality
Zohar, T., Loos, C., Fischinger, S., Atyeo, C., Wang, C., Slein, M. D., Burke, J., Yu, J., Feldman, J., Hauser, B. M., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.052 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Ferretti, A. P., Kula, T., Wang, Y., Nguyen, D. M. V., Weinheimer, A., Dunlap, G. S., Xu, Q., Nabilsi, N., Perullo, C. R., Cristofaro, A. W., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.006 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection
Cromer, D., Juno, J. A., Khoury, D., Reynaldi, A., Wheatley, A. K., Kent, S. J., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Hartley, G. E., Edwards, E. S. J., Aui, P. M., Varese, N., Stojanovic, S., McMahon, J., Peleg, A. Y., Boo, I., Drummer, H. E., Hogarth, P. M., et al. (2020) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abf8891 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Bewley, K. R., Coombes, N. S., Gagnon, L., McInroy, L., Baker, N., Shaik, I., St-Jean, J. R., St-Amant, N., Buttigieg, K. R., Humphries, H. E., et al. (2021) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-021-00536-y · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationGenomic characterization and Epidemiology of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in Delhi, India
Dhar, M. S., Marwal, R., Radhakrishnan, V., Ponnusamy, K., Jolly, B., Bhoyar, R. C., Sardana, V., Naushin, S., Rophina, M., Mellan, T. A., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.06.02.21258076 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
An Update on Self-Amplifying mRNA Vaccine Development
Blakney, A. K., Ip, S., & Geall, A. J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9020097 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 escape <i>in vitro</i> from a highly neutralizing COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Andreano, E., Piccini, G., Licastro, D., Casalino, L., Johnson, N. V., Paciello, I., Monego, S. D., Pantano, E., Manganaro, N., Manenti, A., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.12.28.424451
Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine
Haynes, B. F., Corey, L., Fernandes, P., Gilbert, P. B., Hotez, P. J., Rao, S., Santos, M. R., Schuitemaker, H., Watson, M., & Arvin, A. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abe0948 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Accelerated COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons, and prospects
Bok, K., Sitar, S., Graham, B. S., & Mascola, J. R. (2021) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2021.07.017 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Skelly, D. T., Harding, A. C., Gilbert-Jaramillo, J., Knight, M. L., Longet, S., Brown, A., Adele, S., Adland, E., Brown, H., Team, M. L., et al. (2021) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-226857/v2 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Self-citationBernal, J. L., Andrews, N., Gower, C., Stowe, J., Robertson, C., Tessier, E., Simmons, R., Cottrell, S., Roberts, R., O’Doherty, M., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.01.21252652 · Cited by 1,389 · see citing works
de Alwis, R., Gan, E. S., Chen, S., Leong, Y. S., Tan, H. C., Zhang, S. L., Yau, C., Low, J. G. H., Kalimuddin, S., Matsuda, D., et al. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.001 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationVogel, A. B., Kanevsky, I., Che, Y., Swanson, K. A., Muik, A., Vormehr, M., Kranz, L. M., Walzer, K. C., Hein, S., Güler, A., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.08.280818 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Katikireddi, S. V., Cerqueira-Silva, T., Vasileiou, E., Robertson, C., Amele, S., Pan, J., Taylor, B., Boaventura, V., Werneck, G. L., Flores-Ortiz, R., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02754-9 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Eyre, D. W., Lumley, S. F., Wei, J., Cox, S., James, T., Justice, A., Jesuthasan, G., O'Donnell, D., Howarth, A., Hatch, S. B., et al. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.041 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Approaches and Challenges in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development
Dagotto, G., Yu, J., & Barouch, D. H. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.08.002 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Almanza-Reyes, H., Moreno, S., Plascencia-López, I., Alvarado-Vera, M., Patrón-Romero, L., Borrego, B., Reyes-Escamilla, A., Valencia-Manzo, D., Brun, A., Pestryakov, A., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256401 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in pregnancy: risks, benefits, and recommendations
Stafford, I. A., Parchem, J. G., & Sibai, B. M. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2021.01.022 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Warp Speed for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines: Why Are Children Stuck in Neutral?
Anderson, E. J., Campbell, J. D., Creech, C. B., Frenck, R., Kamidani, S., Munoz, F. M., Nachman, S., & Spearman, P. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1425 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Discrete SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers track with functional humoral stability
Bartsch, Y. C., Fischinger, S., Siddiqui, S. M., Chen, Z., Yu, J., Gebre, M., Atyeo, C., Gorman, M. J., Zhu, A. L., Kang, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21336-8 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Silva-Cayetano, A., Foster, W. S., Innocentin, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Spencer, A. J., Burton, O. T., Fra-Bidó, S., Le Lee, J., Thakur, N., Conceicao, C., et al. (2021) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2020.12.006 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunogenicity and efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine MRT5500 in preclinical animal models
Kalnin, K. V., Plitnik, T., Kishko, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Beauvais, A., Anosova, N. G., Tibbitts, T., DiNapoli, J., Ulinski, G., et al. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00324-5 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Chen, G.-L., Li, X.-F., Dai, X.-H., Li, N., Cheng, M.-L., Huang, Z., Shen, J., Ge, Y.-H., Shen, Z.-W., Deng, Y.-Q., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00280-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sequence signatures of two public antibody clonotypes that bind SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain
Tan, T. J. C., Yuan, M., Kuzelka, K., Padron, G. C., Beal, J. R., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Rivera-Cardona, J., Zhu, X., Stadtmueller, B. M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24123-7 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Who should be prioritised for COVID-19 vaccination?
Russell, F. M., & Greenwood, B. (2021) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1827882 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Multifunctional role of exosomes in viral diseases: From transmission to diagnosis and therapy
Chaudhari, P., Ghate, V., Nampoothiri, M., & Lewis, S. (2022) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110325 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Fully automated fast-flow synthesis of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers
Li, C., Callahan, A. J., Simon, M. D., Totaro, K. A., Mijalis, A. J., Phadke, K.-S., Zhang, G., Hartrampf, N., Schissel, C. K., Zhou, M., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24598-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Palmer, C. D., Scallan, C. D., Kraemer Tardif, L. D., Kachura, M. A., Rappaport, A. R., Koralek, D. O., Uriel, A., Gitlin, L., Klein, J., Davis, M. J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39053-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
COVID-19 research risks ignoring important host genes due to pre-established research patterns
Stoeger, T., & Nunes Amaral, L. A. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.61981 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Innate Immune Responses to Chimpanzee Adenovirus Vector 155 Vaccination in Mice and Monkeys
Collignon, C., Bol, V., Chalon, A., Surendran, N., Morel, S., van den Berg, R. A., Capone, S., Bechtold, V., & Temmerman, S. T. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.579872 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
An exploratory analysis of the response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in males and females
Marchevsky, N. G., Li, G., Aley, P., Costa Clemens, S. A., Barrett, J. R., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bibi, S., Clutterbuck, E., Dold, C., Felle, S., et al. (2022) · eBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104128 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationPiccoli, L., Park, Y.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Czudnochowski, N., Walls, A. C., Beltramello, M., Silacci-Fregni, C., Pinto, D., Rosen, L. E., Bowen, J. E., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.037 · Cited by 1,395 · see citing works
Prompetchara, E., Ketloy, C., Alameh, M.-G., Tarakhet, K., Kaewpang, P., Yostrerat, N., Pitakpolrat, P., Buranapraditkun, S., Manopwisedcharoen, S., Thitithanyanont, A., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.506878 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., Dold, C., Faust, S. N., Finn, A., Flaxman, A. L., Hallis, B., Heath, P., Jenkin, D., Lazarus, R., Makinson, R., Minassian, A. M., Pollock, K. M., Ramasamy, M., Robinson, H., Snape, M., Tarrant, R., Voysey, M., Green, C., Douglas, A. D., Hill, A. V. S., Lambe, T., Gilbert, S. C., Pollard, A. J., Aboagye, J., Adams, K., Ali, A., Allen, E., Allison, J. L., Anslow, R., Arbe-Barnes, E. H., Babbage, G., Baillie, K., Baker, M., Baker, N., Baker, P., Baleanu, I., Ballaminut, J., Barnes, E., Barrett, J., Bates, L., Batten, A., Beadon, K., Beckley, R., Berrie, E., Berry, L., Beveridge, A., Bewley, K. R., Bijker, E. M., Bingham, T., Blackwell, L., Blundell, C. L., Bolam, E., Boland, E., Borthwick, N., Bower, T., Boyd, A., Brenner, T., Bright, P. D., Brown-O'Sullivan, C., Brunt, E., Burbage, J., Burge, S., Buttigieg, K. R., Byard, N., Cabera Puig, I., Calvert, A., Camara, S., Cao, M., Cappuccini, F., Carr, M., Carroll, M. W., Carter, V., Cathie, K., Challis, R. J., Charlton, S., Chelysheva, I., Cho, J.-S., Cicconi, P., Cifuentes, L., Clark, H., Clark, E., Cole, T., Colin-Jones, R., Conlon, C. P., Cook, A., Coombes, N. S., Cooper, R., Cosgrove, C. A., Coy, K., Crocker, W. E. M., Cunningham, C. J., Damratoski, B. E., Dando, L., Datoo, M. S., Davies, H., De Graaf, H., Demissie, T., Di Maso, C., Dietrich, I., Dong, T., Donnellan, F. R., Douglas, N., Downing, C., Drake, J., Drake-Brockman, R., Drury, R. E., Dunachie, S. J., Edwards, N. J., Edwards, F. D. L., Edwards, C. J., Elias, S. C., Elmore, M. J., Emary, K. R. W., English, M. R., Fagerbrink, S., Felle, S., Feng, S., Field, S., Fixmer, C., Fletcher, C., Ford, K. J., Fowler, J., Fox, P., Francis, E., Frater, J., Furze, J., Fuskova, M., Galiza, E., Gbesemete, D., Gilbride, C., Godwin, K., Gorini, G., Goulston, L., Grabau, C., Gracie, L., Gray, Z., Guthrie, L. B., Hackett, M., Halwe, S., Hamilton, E., Hamlyn, J., Hanumunthadu, B., Harding, I., Harris, S. A., Harris, A., Harrison, D., Harrison, C., Hart, T. C., Haskell, L., Hawkins, S., Head, I., Henry, J. A., Hill, J., Hodgson, S. H. C., Hou, M. M., Howe, E., Howell, N., Hutlin, C., Ikram, S., Isitt, C., Iveson, P., Jackson, S., Jackson, F., James, S. W., Jenkins, M., Jones, E., Jones, K., Jones, C. E., Jones, B., Kailath, R., Karampatsas, K., Keen, J., Kelly, S., Kelly, D., Kerr, D., Kerridge, S., Khan, L., Khan, U., Killen, A., Kinch, J., King, T. B., King, L., King, J., Kingham-Page, L., Klenerman, P., Knapper, F., Knight, J. C., Knott, D., Koleva, S., Kupke, A., Larkworthy, C. W., Larwood, J. P. J., Laskey, A., Lawrie, A. M., Lee, A., Ngan Lee, K. Y., Lees, E. A., Legge, H., Lelliott, A., Lemm, N.-M., Lias, A. M., Linder, A., Lipworth, S., Liu, X., Liu, S., Lopez Ramon, R., Lwin, M., Mabesa, F., Madhavan, M., Mallett, G., Mansatta, K., Marcal, I., Marinou, S., Marlow, E., Marshall, J. L., Martin, J., McEwan, J., McInroy, L., Meddaugh, G., Mentzer, A. J., Mirtorabi, N., Moore, M., Moran, E., Morey, E., Morgan, V., Morris, S. J., Morrison, H., Morshead, G., Morter, R., Mujadidi, Y. F., Muller, J., Munera-Huertas, T., Munro, C., Munro, A., Murphy, S., Munster, V. J., Mweu, P., Noé, A., Nugent, F. L., Nuthall, E., O'Brien, K., O'Connor, D., Oguti, B., Oliver, J. L., Oliveira, C., O'Reilly, P. J., Osborn, M., Osborne, P., Owen, C., Owens, D., Owino, N., Pacurar, M., Parker, K., Parracho, H., Patrick-Smith, M., Payne, V., Pearce, J., Peng, Y., Peralta Alvarez, M. P., Perring, J., Pfafferott, K., Pipini, D., Plested, E., Pluess-Hall, H., Pollock, K., Poulton, I., Presland, L., Provstgaard-Morys, S., Pulido, D., Radia, K., Ramos Lopez, F., Rand, J., Ratcliffe, H., Rawlinson, T., Rhead, S., Riddell, A., Ritchie, A. J., Roberts, H., Robson, J., Roche, S., Rohde, C., Rollier, C. S., Romani, R., Rudiansyah, I., Saich, S., Sajjad, S., Salvador, S., Sanchez Riera, L., Sanders, H., Sanders, K., Sapaun, S., Sayce, C., Schofield, E., Screaton, G., Selby, B., Semple, C., Sharpe, H. R., Shaik, I., Shea, A., Shelton, H., Silk, S., Silva-Reyes, L., Skelly, D. T., Smee, H., Smith, C. C., Smith, D. J., Song, R., Spencer, A. J., Stafford, E., Steele, A., Stefanova, E., Stockdale, L., Szigeti, A., Tahiri-Alaoui, A., Tait, M., Talbot, H., Tanner, R., Taylor, I. J., Taylor, V., Te Water Naude, R., Thakur, N., Themistocleous, Y., Themistocleous, A., Thomas, M., Thomas, T. M., Thompson, A., Thomson-Hill, S., Tomlins, J., Tonks, S., Towner, J., Tran, N., Tree, J. A., Truby, A., Turkentine, K., Turner, C., Turner, N., Turner, S., Tuthill, T., Ulaszewska, M., Varughese, R., Van Doremalen, N., Veighey, K., Verheul, M. K., Vichos, I., Vitale, E., Walker, L., Watson, M. E. E., Welham, B., Wheat, J., White, C., White, R., Worth, A. T., Wright, D., Wright, S., Yao, X. L., & Yau, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Public Health England (GB)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Pollard, Andrew J
- ORCID
- Folegatti, Pedro M
- Ewer, Katie J
- Aley, Parvinder K
- Angus, Brian
- Becker, Stephan
- Bellamy, Duncan
- Bibi, Sagida
- Bittaye, Mustapha
- Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A
- Dold, Christina
- Faust, Saul N
- Finn, Adam
- Flaxman, Amy L
- Hallis, Bassam
- Heath, Paul
- Jenkin, Daniel
- Lazarus, Rajeka
- Makinson, Rebecca
- Minassian, Angela M
- Ramasamy, Maheshi
- Robinson, Hannah
- Snape, Matthew
- Voysey, Merryn
- Green, Catherine
- Douglas, Alexander D
- Hill, Adrian V S
- Lambe, Teresa
- Gilbert, Sarah C
- Pollard, Andrew J
- Allen, Elizabeth
- Anslow, Rachel
- Arbe-Barnes, Edward H.
- Baker, Natalie
- Baker, Philip
- Barnes, Eleanor
- Barrett, Jordan
- Berrie, Eleanor
- Bewley, Kevin R.
- Bijker, Else Margreet
- Boyd, Amy
- Bright, Philip D.
- Buttigieg, Karen R.
- Calvert, Anna
- Camara, Susana
- Cao, Michelangelo
- Cappuccini, Federica
- Carroll, Miles W.
- Cathie, Katrina
- Challis, Ruth J.
- Charlton, Sue
- Chelysheva, Irina
- Cicconi, Paola
- Cifuentes, Liliana
- Clark, Helen
- Clark, Elizabeth
- Conlon, Christopher P.
- Cook, Aislinn
- Coombes, Naomi S.
- Cooper, Rachel
- Cosgrove, Catherine A.
- Datoo, Mehreen S.
- Davies, Hannah
- Dietrich, Isabelle
- Dong, Tao
- Donnellan, Francesca R.
- Drury, Ruth Elizabeth
- Dunachie, Susanna Jane
- Edwards, Nick J.
- Elias, Sean C.
- Elmore, Michael J.
- Emary, Katherine R.W.
- Felle, Sally
- Feng, Shuo
- Field, Samantha
- Fletcher, Clare
- Fowler, Jamie
- Frater, John
- Fuskova, Michelle
- Galiza, Eva
- Gbesemete, Diane
- Gorini, Giacomo
- Goulston, Lyndsey
- Halwe, Sandro
- Hanumunthadu, Brama
- Harding, Irasha
- Hart, Thomas C.
- Head, Ian
- Henry, John Aaron
- Hill, Jennifer
- Hodgson, Susanne H.C.
- Hou, Mimi M.
- Howe, Elizabeth
- Isitt, Catherine
- Iveson, Poppy
- Jackson, Susan
- Jackson, Frederic
- Jenkins, Megan
- Jones, Elizabeth
- Jones, Kathryn
- Jones, Christine E.
- Kailath, Reshma
- Karampatsas, Konstantinos
- Kelly, Sarah
- Kelly, Dearbhla
- Kerr, David
- Kerridge, Simon
- Killen, Annabel
- King, Thomas B.
- Klenerman, Paul
- Knapper, Francesca
- Knight, Julian C.
- Kupke, Alexandra
- Larkworthy, Colin W.
- Larwood, Jessica P.J.
- Lees, Emily A
- Lias, Amelia M.
- Linder, Aline
- Lipworth, Samuel
- Liu, Xinxue
- Liu, Shuchang
- Lwin, May
- Madhavan, Meera
- Mallett, Garry
- Mansatta, Kushal
- Marinou, Spyridoula
- Marshall, Julia L.
- Meddaugh, Gretchen
- Mentzer, Alexander J.
- Mirtorabi, Neginsadat
- Moore, Maria
- Morris, Susan Jane
- Morter, Richard
- Mujadidi, Yama F.
- Munro, Alasdair
- Murphy, Sarah
- Munster, Vincent J.
- Noé, Andrés
- Nugent, Fay L.
- Nuthall, Elizabeth
- Oguti, Blanché
- Oliveira, Catarina
- Owens, Daniel
- Owino, Nelly
- Patrick-Smith, Maia
- Peng, Yanchun
- Pipini, Dimitra
- Plested, Emma
- Pluess-Hall, Helen
- Poulton, Ian
- Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel
- Pulido, David
- Ratcliffe, Helen
- Rhead, Sarah
- Riddell, Amy
- Ritchie, Adam John
- Roche, Sophie
- Rohde, Cornelius
- Rollier, Christine S.
- Rudiansyah, Indra
- Sanders, Helen
- Sanders, Katherine
- Schofield, Ella
- Screaton, Gavin
- Sharpe, Hannah R.
- Shelton, Holly
- Silk, Sarah
- Silva-Reyes, Laura
- Skelly, Donal T.
- Smith, Catherine C.
- Song, Rinn
- Spencer, Alexandra J.
- Stockdale, Lisa
- Szigeti, Anna
- Talbot, Helen
- Tanner, Rachel
- Taylor, Iona Jennifer
- Thakur, Nazia
- Themistocleous, Yrene
- Themistocleous, Andreas
- Thomas, Merin
- Thomas, Tonia M.
- Thompson, Amber
- Tree, Julia A.
- Truby, Adam
- Ulaszewska, Marta
- Varughese, Rachel
- Veighey, Kristin
- Vichos, Iason
- Vitale, Elia
- Watson, Marion E.E.
- Welham, Benjamin
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 396
- Issue
- 10249
- Pages
- 467-478
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC7445431
- OpenAlex
- W3042833857
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 145 · 2023: 254 · 2022: 578 · 2021: 955 · 2020: 347 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 70.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- St George's Online Research Archive (St George's University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- reponame:Expeditio Repositorio Institucional UJTL
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (095541/A/11/Z, 109965/Z/15/Z)
- UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_19055)
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR201409, CL-2018-13-007, CL-2016-13-008, CO-CIN-01, ACF-2018-13-005, NF-SI-0515-10005, COV19OxfordVaccine01, NF-SI-0617-10139, MC_PC_19055)
- Academy of Medical Sciences (SGL023\1089)
- University of Oxford
- Pirbright Institute
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust
- Medical Research Council (MR/T001151/1)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R013756/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/S007911/1)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400008C))
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, adenoviral vector, spike protein, vaccine safety, immunogenicity, humoral immune response, neutralizing antibodies, cell-mediated immunity, interferon-gamma, reactogenicity, booster vaccination
- MeSH terms
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Betacoronavirus, Acetaminophen, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adenoviruses, Simian, Adult, Antibodies, Viral, Female, Genetic Vectors, United Kingdom, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunization, Secondary, Male, Pneumonia, Viral, T-Lymphocytes, Viral Vaccines, Single-Blind Method, Coronavirus Infections, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
