Immune checkpoint therapy—current perspectives and future directions
Open accessAbstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) has dramatically altered clinical outcomes for cancer patients and conferred durable clinical benefits, including cure in a subset of patients. Varying response rates across tumor types and the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicities prompted efforts to unravel immune and non-immune factors regulating the responses to ICT. This review highlights the biology of anti-tumor immunity underlying response and resistance to ICT, discusses efforts to address the current challenges with ICT, and outlines strategies to guide the development of subsequent clinical trials and combinatorial efforts with ICT.
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Obesity is a risk factor for and exacerbates the clinical course of a number of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis.
“Obesity is a risk factor for and exacerbates the clinical course of a number of AIDs including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis (43).”
From The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
More recent work in mice revealed the roles of T cell inhibitory receptors in restraining immune responses leading to checkpoint blockade, which revolutionized cancer immunotherapy.
“More recent work in mice revealed the roles of T cell inhibitory receptors in restraining immune responses leading to checkpoint blockade, which revolutionized cancer immunotherapy(43).”
From The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications (2025) · cites this paper as [43]
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The liver as a central "hub" of the immune system: pathophysiological implications
Ronca, V., Gerussi, A., Collins, P., Parente, A., Oo, Y. H., & Invernizzi, P. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2023 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Sharma, P., Goswami, S., Raychaudhuri, D., Siddiqui, B. A., Singh, P., Nagarajan, A., Liu, J., Subudhi, S. K., Poon, C., Gant, K. L., Herbrich, S. M., Anandhan, S., Islam, S., Amit, M., Anandappa, G., & Allison, J. P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Padmanee
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-04
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1652-1669
- ISSN
- 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4365446410
- Cited by
- 1,206
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 411 · 2025: 435 · 2024: 291 · 2023: 69
- FWCI
- 39.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 417 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- immune checkpoint inhibitors, antitumor immunity, predictive biomarkers, treatment resistance, patient selection, combination therapy, cancer immunotherapy, immune response mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, B7-H1 Antigen
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