The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gamification of task performance with leaderboards: A goal setting experiment
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Such design decisions can lead to variance in the effect sizes of certain game design elements as shown in the context of leaderboards (Landers et al. 2017) and in the context of achievements, showing that effectivity of achievements strongly depends on the design (i.e., the quantity and difficulty of achievements; Groening and Binnewies 2019).”
From The gamification of learning: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Landers et al. 2017
In the citing paper
“Landers et al. (2017) showed how leaderbords that are implemented to foster competition can be interpreted as goals, suggesting that leaderbords with easy goals would likely be less effective than leaderboards with difficult goals.”
From The gamification of learning: a meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Landers et al. 2017
In the citing paper
“This is the idea behind using game design elements such as likes, badges, skill levels, and leaderboards to increase learning in online courses, exercise on e-health platforms, or performance in standard organizational tasks (Denny, McDonald, Empson, Kelly, & Petersen, 2018;Koivisto & Hamari, 2019;Landers, Bauer, & Callan, 2017).”
From Relative Feedback Increases Disparities in Effort and Performance in Crowdsourcing Contests: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment on Topcoder (2022) · cites this paper as Landers, Bauer, & Callan, 2017
In the citing paper
“This finding is supported by studies exploring gamification of tasks, where the use of game design elements (eg, points and scoreboards) can improve motivation [47,48].”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
Citations
Cites
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Kemp, F. (2003) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.1046/j.1467-9884.2003.t01-2-00383_4.x · Cited by 9,294
Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705 · Cited by 7,766
Does Gamification Work? -- A Literature Review of Empirical Studies on Gamification
Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., & Sarsa, H. (2014) · 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2014.377 · Cited by 5,201
A First Course in Factor Analysis
Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (2013) · doi:10.4324/9781315827506 · Cited by 4,546
Measurement, Design, and Analysis: An Integrated Approach.
Funk, S. G., Pedhazur, E. J., & Schmelkin, L. P. (1992) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290248 · Cited by 4,007
Identifying careless responses in survey data.
Meade, A. W., & Craig, S. B. (2012) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0028085 · Cited by 3,865
A First Course in Factor Analysis
Price, B., Comrey, A. L., & Lee, H. B. (1993) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1993.10485363 · Cited by 3,512
Designing Experiments and Analyzing Data: A Model Comparison Perspective
Maxwell, S., & Delaney, H. D. (1990) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289744 · Cited by 2,593
Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives
Locke, E. A. (1968) · Organizational Behavior and Human Performance · doi:10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4 · Cited by 2,409 · cited 1×
“Goal-setting theory was originally developed by Locke (1968), who proposed that people will be motivated to strive towards goals.”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Rise of Motivational Information Systems: A Review of Gamification Research
Koivisto, J., & Hamari, J. (2017) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.013 · Cited by 2,229
“, 2013), hence they differ in their attainability and goal seeking outcomes (Freund et al., 2010; Hackel, Jones, Carbonneau, & Mueller, 2016; Landers et al., 2015; Lunenburg, 2011; Mann et al., 2013).”
BackgroundThe gamification of learning: a meta-analysis
Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w · Cited by 2,594
“In general, they focus on game fiction, which is defined as the inclusion of a fictional game world or story (Armstrong and Landers 2017).”
BackgroundKrath, J., Schürmann, L., & von Korflesch, H. F. O. (2021) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106963 · Cited by 1,324
The maturing of gamification research
Nacke, L. E., & Deterding, S. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.062 · Cited by 493
Does gamification affect brand engagement and equity? A study in online brand communities
Xi, N., & Hamari, J. (2020) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.058 · Cited by 497
Metadata
- Authors
- Landers, R. N., Bauer, K. N., & Callan, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Old Dominion University (US)
- Illinois Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Landers, Richard N.
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 71
- Pages
- 508-515
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1741765804
- Cited by
- 474
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 47.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Management
- Keywords
- gamification, leaderboards, goal setting theory, employee motivation, task performance, goal commitment, individual differences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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