The relationships between the structural video game characteristics, video game engagement and happiness among individuals who play video games
Open accessIntegrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.
Cites
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cronbach's Alpha (a ¼ 0.94) indicated that the OHQ was highly reliable using the Cronbach (1951) internal reliability computation.”
MethodInfluentialFlow: the psychology of optimal experience
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0597 · Cited by 12,652 · see citing works
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 11,469 · see citing works
Diener, E. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542 · Cited by 11,023
Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience
Buchanan, R., & Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1991) · Design Issues · doi:10.2307/1511458 · Cited by 9,437 · see citing works
Handbook of Positive Psychology
(2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195135336.001.0001 · Cited by 9,149 · see citing works
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
М.Р., Н., & С.И., Б. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,967 · see citing works
Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-7217 · Cited by 5,543 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It has been suggested by Seligman (2011) that happiness is also made up of engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment.”
BackgroundPursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111 · Cited by 3,203 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, as Lyubomirsky et al. (2005) outlined how a myriad of factors can invariantly affect an individual's happiness state, an experimental design may prove difficult in controlling for every happiness factor.”
BackgroundMotivations for Play in Online Games
Yee, N. (2006) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772 · Cited by 2,939 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…argued that video games consist of motivational traits (Juul, 2005; McGonigal, 2011), fulfil basic psychological needs (Przybylski, Rigby, & Ryan, 2010), take up time and energy (Vallerand, 2008), or are socially satisfying (Griffiths & Hunt, 1998; Hull et al., 2013; Kaye & Bryce, 2012; Yee, 2007).”
BackgroundReality is Broken Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6095 · Cited by 2,933 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Happiness has been known to occur during video game play (Allaire et al., 2013; McGonigal, 2011) and is often a target variable of interest in various video game positive psychology intervention (VGPPI) studies (Amon & Campbell, 2008; Roepke et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe benefits of playing video games.
Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0034857 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
(2005) · Architecture, Design and Conservation (Aarhus School of Architecture, Design School Kolding, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design and Conservation (KADK)) · Cited by 2,150 · see citing works
Sweetser (2005) · doi:10.1145/1077246.1077253 · Cited by 2,124 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Generally, flow is considered a positive experience (Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002) and has been examined extensively in gaming contexts (Cowley, Charles, Black,& Hickey, 2008; Jones, 2003; Nacke, 2012; Sweetser & Wyeth, 2005).”
BackgroundMeasuring and defining the experience of immersion in games
Jennett, C., Cox, A. L., Cairns, P., Dhoparee, S., Epps, A., Tijs, T., & Walton, A. (2008) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2008.04.004 · Cited by 2,065 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…consisting of a variety of experiences (such as presence, immersion, flow, psychological absorption and dissociation) that may have both positive and negative outcomes depending on the context and the individual (Brockmyer et al., 2009; Jennett et al., 2008; Brown, 1991; Rigby & Ryan, 2011).”
BackgroundFlow. The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York (HarperPerennial) 1990.
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1990) · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: a compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being
Hills, P. R., & Argyle, M. (2002) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(01)00213-6 · Cited by 1,745 · cited 7× · see citing works
“The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ: Hills & Argyle, 2002) is a 29-item measurement of general happiness.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014) · Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_16 · Cited by 1,608 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Flow is a positive state inwhich an activity is so engaging that all else becomes oblivious to the individual (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990; Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002).”
BackgroundA Motivational Model of Video Game Engagement
Przybylski, A. K., Rigby, C. S., & Ryan, R. M. (2010) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019440 · Cited by 1,422 · see citing works
The development of the Game Engagement Questionnaire: A measure of engagement in video game-playing
Brockmyer, J. H., Fox, C. M., Curtiss, K. A., McBroom, E. S., Burkhart, K. M., & Pidruzny, J. N. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.016 · Cited by 1,017 · cited 17× · see citing works
“Descriptive statistics for the results of the VGFT and GEQ are displayed in Table 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFerguson, C. J. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615592234 · Cited by 524 · cited 3× · see citing works
“More recently, Ferguson (2015) conducted a meta-analysis assessing the results from 101 video game effects based studies involving children.”
BackgroundResultOn the psychology of passion: In search of what makes people's lives most worth living.
Vallerand, R. J. (2008) · Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.1 · Cited by 514 · cited 2× · see citing works
“On one hand, some theorists have argued that video games consist of motivational traits (Juul, 2005; McGonigal, 2011), fulfil basic psychological needs (Przybylski, Rigby, & Ryan, 2010), take up time and energy (Vallerand, 2008), or are socially satisfying (Griffiths & Hunt, 1998;”
BackgroundThe Role of Flow Experience in Cyber-Game Addiction
Chou, T.-J., & Ting, C.-C. (2003) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493103322725469 · Cited by 497 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…play video games for more immediate reasons such as escapism, achievement, to experience a state of flow, and to satisfy addiction (Hilgard, Engelhardt, & Bartholow, 2013; King, Delfabbro, & Griffiths, 2010; Kneer & Glock, 2013; Ting-Jui & Chih-Chen, 2003; Yee, Ducheneaut, & Nelson, 2012).”
BackgroundToward an understanding of flow in video games
Cowley, B. U., Charles, D. K., Black, M. M., & Hickey, R. J. (2008) · Computers in entertainment · doi:10.1145/1371216.1371223 · Cited by 479 · see citing works
The effects of violent video games on aggression. A meta-analysis
Sherry, J. (2001) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/27.3.409 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Not so doomed: computer game play and positive adolescent development
Durkin, K., & Barber, B. L. (2002) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0193-3973(02)00124-7 · Cited by 445 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…to experience emotional disturbances (Kutner & Olson, 2008), decreases in feelings of anger and aggression and increases in calmness (Olson, Kutner, & Warner, 2008), and also increased levels of general wellbeing (Durkin & Barber, 2002; Jones, Scholes, Johnson, Katsikitis, & Carras, 2014).”
BackgroundDependence on Computer Games by Adolescents
Griffiths, M. D., & Hunt, N. C. (1998) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1998.82.2.475 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
The effects of violent video games on aggression..
Sherry, J. L. (2001) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00787.x · Cited by 363 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(Griffiths, 2008; 2009; Kardefelt-Winther, 2015; King & Delfabbro, 2014) and anti-social behaviour (Ferguson, 2015; Sherry, 2001).”
The Structural Characteristics of Video Games: A Psycho-Structural Analysis
Wood, R. T. A., Griffiths, M. D., Chappell, D., & Davies, M. N. O. (2004) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493104322820057 · Cited by 340 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, highly engaging video games have other considerations such as structural video game characteristics (SVGCs), which are basic features that a video game may possess in order to initiate gaming behaviours (Wood et al, 2004).”
BackgroundGlued to games: how video games draw us in and hold us spellbound
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-0099 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.185217 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
An exploratory study into the effects of extraordinary nature on emotions, mood, and prosociality
Joye, Y., & Bolderdijk, J. W. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01577 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Effectance and Control as Determinants of Video Game Enjoyment
Klimmt, C., Hartmann, T., & Frey, A. (2007) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.9942 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Gaming well: links between videogames and flourishing mental health
Jones, C., Scholes, L., Johnson, D., Katsikitis, M., & Carras, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00260 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Roepke, A. M., Jaffee, S. R., Riffle, O. M., McGonigal, J., Broome, R., & Maxwell, B. (2015) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2014.0046 · Cited by 265 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 2013; McGonigal, 2011) and is often a target variable of interest in various video game positive psychology intervention (VGPPI) studies (Amon & Campbell, 2008; Roepke et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOnline gaming motivations scale
Yee, N., Ducheneaut, N., & Nelson, L. (2012) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/2207676.2208681 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
(2008) · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Internet Gaming Disorder Treatment: A Review of Definitions of Diagnosis and Treatment Outcome
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22097 · Cited by 187 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(Griffiths, 2008; 2009; Kardefelt-Winther, 2015; King & Delfabbro, 2014) and anti-social behaviour (Ferguson, 2015; Sherry, 2001).”
Allaire, J. C., McLaughlin, A. C., Trujillo, A. K., Whitlock, L. A., LaPorte, L., & Gandy, M. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.014 · Cited by 166 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Happiness has been known to occur during video game play (Allaire et al., 2013; McGonigal, 2011) and is often a target variable of interest in various video game positive psychology intervention (VGPPI) studies (Amon & Campbell, 2008; Roepke et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHilgard, J., Engelhardt, C. R., & Bartholow, B. D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00608 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Hull, D. C., Williams, G. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/jba.2.2013.005 · Cited by 149 · cited 8× · see citing works
“In a study by Hull et al. (2013), individuals who played video games with mostly social structural features (i.e. chat rooms, support groups, in-game instant messaging etc.) were more likely to experience video game addiction, and that happiness levels were negatively related to the time distortion…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialA critical account of DSM-5 criteria for internet gaming disorder
Kardefelt‐Winther, D. (2014) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2014.935350 · Cited by 146 · cited 1× · see citing works
“(Griffiths, 2008; 2009; Kardefelt-Winther, 2015; King & Delfabbro, 2014) and anti-social behaviour (Ferguson, 2015; Sherry, 2001).”
The Role of Violent Video Game Content in Adolescent Development
Olson, C. K., Kutner, L. A., & Warner, D. E. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558407310713 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
GEQ (Game Engagement/Experience Questionnaire): A Review of Two Papers
Norman, K. (2013) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1093/iwc/iwt009 · Cited by 97 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Norman (2013) stated that negative video game outcomes literature was primarily referred to when Brockmyer et al. (2009) began developing the model of video game engagement.”
BackgroundMethodKaye, L. K., & Bryce, J. (2012) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporal interaction between an artificial orchestra conductor and human musicians
Reidsma, D., Nijholt, A., & Bos, P. (2008) · Computers in entertainment · doi:10.1145/1461999.1462005 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Time Loss Whilst Playing Video Games: Is there a Relationship to Addictive Behaviours?
Wood, R. T. A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2007) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-006-9048-2 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Certain elements of the flow experience may not be considered as positive, such as reported anxiety and frustration when playing video games for prolonged periods of time (Funk, Chan, Brouwer,& Curtiss, 2006) and perceived loss of time (Wood & Griffiths, 2007).”
BackgroundCan children with AD/HD learn relaxation and breathing techniques through biofeedback video games?
Amon, K. L., & Campbell, A. (2008) · Australian journal of educational and developmental psychology · Cited by 56 · see citing works
King, D. L., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2010) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Diagnosis and management of video game addiction
Griffiths (2008) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Finding happiness: Tailoring positive activities for optimal well-being benefits.
Nelson, S. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014) · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Funk, J. B., Chan, M., Brouwer, J., & Curtiss, K. A. (2006) · SIMILE Studies In Media & Information Literacy Education · doi:10.3138/sim.6.3.001 · Cited by 45 · cited 2× · see citing works
“This is also consistent with earlier research carried out by Funk et al. (2006) who found that long term flow states were indicative of negative physiological effects such as exhaustion among video gamers.”
ResultKneer, J., & Glock, S. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.030 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…play video games for more immediate reasons such as escapism, achievement, to experience a state of flow, and to satisfy addiction (Hilgard, Engelhardt, & Bartholow, 2013; King, Delfabbro, & Griffiths, 2010; Kneer & Glock, 2013; Ting-Jui & Chih-Chen, 2003; Yee, Ducheneaut, & Nelson, 2012).”
BackgroundLee, N. (2005) · Computers in entertainment · doi:10.1145/1095534.1095538 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Online computer gaming: Advice for parents and teachers
Griffiths, M. D. (2009) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. (2010) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
10 of the 66 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
How does immersion work in augmented reality games? A user-centric view of immersion and engagement
Shin, D. (2017) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2017.1411519 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
“AR/VR gaming can be considered a highly engaging activity that includes a variety of experiences such as flow, immersion, dissociation, and absorption (Laffana, Greaneya, Bartona, & Kayeb, 2016).”
BackgroundYe, J.-H., Wu, Y.-T., Wu, Y.-F., Chen, M.-Y., & Ye, J.-N. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.847672 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“’s (35) online gaming study; they found a negative and weak relationship between online game flow and overall well-being.”
BackgroundThe effects of player type on performance: A gamification case study
Lopez, C. E., & Tucker, C. S. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.005 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
An Overview of Structural Characteristics in Problematic Video Game Playing
Griffiths, M. D., & Nuyens, F. M. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0162-y · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Mu, H., Jiang, Q., Xu, J., & Chen, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192114173 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Perceptions of virtual reward systems in crowdsourcing games
Goh, D. H., Pe‐Than, E. P. P., & Lee, C. S. (2017) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.006 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
An Introduction to Online Video Game QoS and QoE Influencing Factors
Metzger, F., Geißler, S., Grigorjew, A., Loh, F., Moldovan, C., Seufert, M., & Hoßfeld, T. (2022) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2022.3177251 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“The extent of which different video game characteristics can be leveraged to predict user engagement and happiness has been studied in the past [207].”
Narrative and aesthetics as antecedents of perceived learning in serious games
Alexiou, A., Schippers, M., Oshri, I., & Angelopoulos, S. (2020) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-08-2019-0435 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Are Online Mobile Gamers Really Happy? On the Suppressor Role of Online Game Addiction
Hew, J.-J., Lee, V., T’ng, S. T., Tan, G. W., Ooi, K., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-023-10377-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“This is particularly true in the context of online mobile games, as Laffan et al. (2016) argued that online games do provide a suitable structure that is capable of optimally inducing the state of flow among the gamers.”
The Potential Interaction Between Time Perception and Gaming: A Narrative Review
Nuyens, F. M., Kuss, D. J., López-Fernández, O., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00121-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Predictors of gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a school-based study
Ferreira, F. D. M., Bambini, B. B. M., Tonsig, G., Fonseca, L., Picon, F. A., Pan, P. M., Salum, G. A., Jackowski, A. P., Miguel, E. C., Rohde, L. A., et al. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0964 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Rahayu, F. S., Nugroho, L. E., Ferdiana, R., & Setyohadi, D. B. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14148906 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hall, P. A. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2021.106857 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Rethinking dynamic difficulty adjustment for video game design
Guo, Z., Thawonmas, R., & Ren, X. (2024) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2024.100663 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. V., Huang, H.-C., Wong, M., Yang, Y.-H., Huang, T., & Teng, C. (2018) · Games for Health Journal · doi:10.1089/g4h.2017.0165 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Fourth, Laffan et al. 16 investigated the relationship be-tween videogame characteristics, videogame engagement, and general happiness among videogame users.”
Mitre-Ortiz, A., Arteaga, J. M., & Cardona-Reyes, H. (2022) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-022-00882-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Video games are considered a profoundly engaging activity because they focus primarily on elevating User Experience (UX), engagement, presence, immersion, flow, psychological absorption, and dissociation [12].”
BackgroundThe use of serious games for psychological education and training: a systematic review
Facchino, A. P., Marchetti, D., Colasanti, M., Fontanesi, L., & Verrocchio, M. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1511729 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Saini, N., & Hodgins, D. C. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00019 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Only one study (Laffan et al., 2016) found evidence for in-game combos (user input controls) being related to engagement and motivation.”
BackgroundInfluentialMaking the Case for Video Game Addiction: Does It Exist or Not?
Pontes, H. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95495-0_4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cano, E. V., Ramírez‐Hurtado, J. M., Díez-Arcón, P., & Moscoso, C. P. (2022) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-022-09975-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Csikszentmihalyi 2014; Laffan et al., 2016; Wang & Lieberoth, 2016.”
BackgroundStarosta, J., Kiszka, P., Szyszka, P. D., Starzec, S., & Strojny, P. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0299819 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Moreover, some studies have classified the Action-adventure genre as one [19,30,44,48,49,51,54,56,61,64,66,72,79,80,82, 83,86,91,95,97,104,105,111,117,119,120,122–124, The greatest definitional uniformity was visible in the case of Sport games, which were most often described as simulations of…”
BackgroundAntons, S., Liebherr, M., Brand, M., & Brandtner, A. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100520 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Previous studies have shown that especially the experience of punishment (e.g., lose a life, restart a level) and type of presentation (e.g., audio and graphics) increase the level of flow experience during gaming (Laffan et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMoreno, M. V., Schnabel, R., Lancia, G., & Woodruff, E. (2019) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-019-10031-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The structural components of games, including reward systems, failure-states, and multiple avenues to solve problems, have been identified as promoting engagement and happiness in participants (Laffan et al. 2016).”
BackgroundFactors affecting the aesthetic experiences in educational games: A qualitative investigation
Jafarkhani, F., Barani, F., Nawaser, K., Rashidi, H., & Gharleghi, B. (2024) · Journal of Economy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.ject.2024.07.002 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Antecedents of Gacha gaming intention: Extending UTAUT2 with structural video game characteristics
Kesuma, A. E., & Princes, E. (2024) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100405 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Svoren, H., Thambawita, V. L., Halvorsen, P., Jakobsen, P., Garcia-Ceja, E., Noori, F. M., Hammer, H. L., Lux, M., Riegler, M. A., & Hicks, S. A. (2020) · ACM Multimedia Systems Conference (MMSys) · doi:10.1145/3339825.3394939 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Last but not least, the correlation between the game, emotions, sentiment, and game engagement, especially flow (the state of being fully immersed in an activity while enjoying it), can be investigated [15, 24].”
BackgroundMonacis, L., Griffiths, M. D., Cassibba, R., Sinatra, M., & Musso, P. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00406-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“A growing body of studies has contributed to the debate on whether playing videogames causes positive or negative effects on individuals (e.g., Calvert et al. 2017; Gentile 2011; Laffan et al. 2016).”
BackgroundVideojuego para la enseñanza del cuidado del agua
Moreno, J., Vahos-Mesa, S. V., & Mazo-Muñoz, C. D. (2019) · TecnoLógicas · doi:10.22430/22565337.1091 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Una vez definidos dichos módulos, se definió la modalidad de juego, siendo un tipo sandbox [28] la elegida.”
BackgroundLopez, C. E., & Tucker, C. S. (2024) · Zone 1 Conference of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE Zone 1) · doi:10.18260/1-2-1153-33757 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Toadstool: A Dataset for Training Emotional Intelligent Machines Playing Super Mario BrosPreprint
Svoren, H., Thambawita, V. L., Halvorsen, P., Jakobsen, P., Ceja, E. G., Noori, F. M., Hammer, H. L., Lux, M., Riegler, M. A., & Hicks, S. A. (2020) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/4v9mp · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Carmona, A., Carbonell, X., Bonilla, I., Ivern, J., & Lusar, A. C. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01442-0 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gender Differences and Consumer Videogame Engagement
Jamak, A. B. S. A., Abbasi, A. Z., & Fayyaz, M. S. (2018) · SHS Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/shsconf/20185601002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Recently, few authors such as Laffan, Greaney [23] have studied the impact of happiness on videogame involvement but the results were not significant.”
BackgroundE-Learning Gamification Model using Video Game Elements that Influence Engagement or Addiction
Rahayu, F. S., Nugroho, L. E., & Ferdiana, R. (2022) · International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications · doi:10.1109/isitia56226.2022.9855202 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Another study revealed that presentation and punishment features significantly predicted video game engagement with users experiencing higher levels of flow [28].”
BackgroundAbbasi, A. Z., Fayyaz, M. S., Abbasi, G. A., Rather, R. A., & Hussain, A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105632 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Videogame engagement implies the process of gamers reaching out to the game, illustrated in their emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and sensorial behavior (Laffan et al., 2016).”
Carmona, A., Carbonell, X., & Fúster, H. (2023) · Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport Blanquerna · doi:10.51698/aloma.2023.41.2.37-48 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Los jugadores que los usan tienen más posibilidades de desarrollar adicción a los videojuegos (Laffan et al., 2016).”
BackgroundEducation Viruses That Agonizing Education Systems Components
Gelen, İ. (2020) · World Journal of Education · doi:10.5430/wje.v10n6p97 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rahayu, F. S., Nugroho, L. E., & Ferdiana, R. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0124797 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tong, S., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Ren, W., & Pu, F. (2025) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/76278 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schlimm, J., Mereu, S., & Breuer, C. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship · doi:10.1108/ijsms-06-2024-0135 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fu, D., Zhou, N., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2025.2594802 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Aesthetic choices, including color palettes, environmental design, and character style, along with high-quality audio and visual elements, also strongly influence enjoyment and engagement (Laffan et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2009).”
The need for game-based learning methods to address cyber threats
Andrews, G., Balakrishna, C., & Mikroyannidis, A. (2023) · European Conference on Games Based Learning · doi:10.34190/ecgbl.17.1.1432 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Seven-year-olds’ imaginative engagement with play in non-virtual and virtual contexts
Hashmi, S. (2018) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Antecedents of Gacha Gaming Intention: Extending UTAUT2 with Structural Video Game CharacteristicsPreprint
Kesuma, A. E., & Princes, E. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4600008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Educational game design: game elements for promoting engagementPreprint
He, A. (2017) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1709.09931 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Analysis of the Sleep Disorders in Students Under the Effect of Computer Games and Video Films
Mezianaya, K. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20180603.13
“Modern multi-user computer games and social networks form a new environment for communicative and entertaining activities [4].”
BackgroundTutorial Serious Game for Demonstrating Demand Response in an Energy Community
Nykyri, M., Kärkkäinen, T. J., Annala, S., et al. (2023) · IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe · doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407502
“Game difficulty by, e.g., introducing punishment features in the game when played poorly, is also shown to have an effect on getting the player into a “flow” state [24].”
BackgroundRahayu, F. S. (2025) · International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning · doi:10.1109/ic4e65071.2025.11075316
“The gamification elements selection was based on King’s taxonomy of the structural characteristics of video games [26] and some previous work [27][28][29][30].”
Ike, T. C., Yi, N. K. H., & Shaker, V. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5214-3_35
Data Driven Development Persona for Video Game Based on Player Logs
Rahardian, R. S., Sabariah, M. K., & Husen, J. H. (2025) · International Conference on Software Engineering and Information Technology (ICoSEIT) · doi:10.1109/icoseit67010.2025.11290995
“However, as highlighted by Derek Philip, Brenner and John DeLamater; this approach carries the risk of bias, which can reduce data quality [4] [5].”
A systematic literature review of the application of UTAUT series models on hedonic gameplay
Liu, Y., Liu, J., Tan, S., et al. (2026) · Entertainment Computing · doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2026.101145
The impact of gamification on learning outcomes in virtual museums
Yang, Y., Jiang, N.-P., Zhang, H., Shen, H., & Yang, H. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education · doi:10.1016/j.jhlste.2026.100629
- Authors
- Laffan, D. A., Greaney, J., Barton, H., & Kaye, L. K.
- Affiliations
- Dún Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology (IE)
- Edge Hill University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Laffan, Derek A.
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 65
- Pages
- 544-549
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2519627322
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 10.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Edge Hill University (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Games and Media
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Keywords
- video games, game features, flow experience, immersion, video game engagement, happiness, social features, game difficulty, effort
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-10.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
