The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Homophobia is online: Sexual victimization and risks on the internet and mental health among bisexual, homosexual, pansexual, asexual, and queer adolescents
Open accessAbstract
The first aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and frequency of different forms of online sexual victimization and risks among sexual minorities, including sexting, sexual orientation- and gender-based victimization, unwanted sexual attention, sextortion, and revenge porn. The second aim was to examine whether online sexual victimization and risks mediate the relationship between being a sexual minority and mental health outcomes, including depression and anxiety. The sample was composed of 1779 adolescents (50.9% girls) between 12 and 18 years old (mean age = 13.92, SD = 1.27), and 146 of them (8.2%) were sexual minorities (specifically, bisexual, homosexual, pansexual, asexual, or queer adolescents). About 17.3% of sexual minority adolescents have sent a sext. Four out of ten adolescents (41.1%) had experienced online sexual orientation discrimination and 28.4% gender-based victimization. More than forty percent (45.2%) experienced unwanted sexual attention, 9% were victims of sextortion, and 5.5% had been targets of revenge porn. Sexting, online sexual orientation victimization and gender-based victimization, and unwanted sexual attention partially mediated the relationship between being a sexual minority and mental health outcomes (i.e., depression and anxiety). More prevention programs aimed to reduce online sexual victimization and risks for sexual minorities are needed.
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“Findings across these studies show that sexual minorities were more likely to experience sextortion victimization than their heterosexual counterparts (Eaton et al., 2022; Gámez-Guadix & Incera, 2021; Henry et al., 2019; Pacheco et al., 2019; Patchin & Hinduja, 2020).”
From Sextortion: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as Gámez-Guadix & Incera, 2021
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“A preliminary version of the forms of victimization has shown adequate exploratory factorial validity in a previous study (Gámez -Guadix & Incera, 2021).”
From Assessing image-based sexual abuse: Measurement, prevalence, and temporal stability of sextortion and nonconsensual sexting (“revenge porn”) among adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as Gámez -Guadix & Incera, 2021
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Items 101–110 of 110
Gray, A., Bragard, E., & Fisher, C. (2026) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2026.2685768
Sexting, unwanted online sexual solicitation, and internet-related anxiety among Slovak youth
Gerec, F., Vallova, J., Hasajová, L., Krásna, S., & Štefáková, L. (2026) · Kontakt · doi:10.32725/kont.2026.039
Azabal, M., Trinidad, A., Marcos, V., Pérez, M. N., & Vozmediano, L. (2026) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2026-3-3
“They report higher levels of unwanted sexual attention and unauthorized access to digital accounts (Dank et al., 2014; Gámez-Guadix & Incera, 2021), greater involvement in problematic sexting (Van Ouytsel et al., 2021), and elevated rates of online dating abuse compared to their heterosexual peers…”
Revenge Pornography, Beyond the Screen: The Effect of Online Disinhibition and the Dark Personality
Turner, J., Tully, R. J., & Johnson, D. (2026) · Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/24732850.2026.2697161
Zheng, Q., Cao, Y., Niu, B., Zeng, P., & Hu, X. (2026) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-026-01396-5
Zheng, Q., Cao, Y., Niu, B., & Hu, X. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-05500-7
“PALG is linked to depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among lesbian and gay people, to higher physical-health risks, and to poorer outcomes in education and work [4, 5].”
Saija, E., Amadori, A., Prestera, G., & Brighi, A. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2026.100719
Lurking in the Cyber Shadows: Hidden Victims and Perpetrators of Online Sexual Harassment
Thompson, R., & Turner, K. (2026) · Critical criminological perspectives · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14942-8_4
Thomas, C., Tinner, L., Bennett, J., Anderson, L. G., & Winstone, L. (2026) · Women s Health · doi:10.1177/17455057261485065
Amadori, A., Prestera, G., Öztürk, M., & Brighi, A. (2026) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2026.2722750
Metadata
- Authors
- Gámez-Guadix, M., & Incera, D.
- Venue
- Computers in Human Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 119
- Pages
- 106728
- ISSN
- 0747-5632 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3127618208
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 14.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Computers in Human Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Government of Spain Ministry of Science and Innovation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- online sexual victimization, sexual minorities, adolescents, sexting, sextortion, revenge porn, unwanted sexual attention, sexual orientation discrimination, depression, anxiety, mental health, mediation, homophobia, queer youth
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