Inhibition of K-RAS4B by a Unique Mechanism of Action: Stabilizing Membrane-Dependent Occlusion of the Effector-Binding Site
Open accessAbstract
KRAS is frequently mutated in several of the most lethal types of cancer; however, the KRAS protein has proven a challenging drug target. K-RAS4B must be localized to the plasma membrane by prenylation to activate oncogenic signaling, thus we endeavored to target the protein-membrane interface with small-molecule compounds. While all reported lead compounds have low affinity for KRAS in solution, the potency of Cmpd2 was strongly enhanced when prenylated K-RAS4B is associated with a lipid bilayer. We have elucidated a unique mechanism of action of Cmpd2, which simultaneously engages a shallow pocket on KRAS and associates with the lipid bilayer, thereby stabilizing KRAS in an orientation in which the membrane occludes its effector-binding site, reducing RAF binding and impairing activation of RAF. Furthermore, enrichment of Cmpd2 on the bilayer enhances potency by promoting interaction with KRAS. This insight reveals a novel approach to developing inhibitors of membrane-associated proteins.
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NS1 disrupts the self-binding of HRAS and KRAS by directly binding to the α4-α5 interface, reducing activation of downstream pathways and inhibiting cell proliferation.
“Without interfering with RAS localization and GTPase activity, NS1 disrupts the self-binding of HRAS and KRAS by directly binding to the α4–α5 interface, reducing the activation of downstream pathways and inhibiting cell proliferation [30, 63, 64].”
From Targeting KRAS mutant cancers: from druggable therapy to drug resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Fang, Z., Marshall, C. B., Nishikawa, T., Gossert, A. D., Jansen, J. M., Jahnke, W., & Ikura, M.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Novartis (Switzerland) (CH)
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Marshall, Christopher B.
- Ikura, Mitsuhiko
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Chemical Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1327-1336.e4
- ISSN
- 2451-9448 (ISSN-L)
- 2451-9456
- OpenAlex
- W2886480505
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell chemical biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Novartis Repository (Novartis) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Connaught Fund
- Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute (703209)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation
- Cancer Research Society (14014)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Keywords
- K-Ras4B, prenylation, lipid bilayers, Raf activation, small molecule inhibitors, protein-membrane interface, oncogenic KRAS
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Enzyme Inhibitors, Humans, Indoles, Lipid Bilayers, Models, Molecular, Piperidines, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Drug Discovery
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