The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes
Open accessAbstract
Objective This paper examined the relationship between exposure to sexual and physical abuse (CSA and CPA) in childhood and later educational achievement outcomes in late adolescence and early adulthood in a birth cohort of over 1,000 children studied to age 25.Method Retrospective data on CSA and CPA were gathered at ages 18 and 21 and used to form a best estimate of exposure to CSA and CPA. The relationship between CSA, CPA, and self-reported educational outcomes to 25 years was examined using logistic regression models that took into account social background, parental factors, and individual factors.Results Increasing exposure to CSA and CPA was significantly associated with failing to achieve secondary school qualifications (CSA: B=.53, SE=.13, p<.0001; CPA: B=.62, SE=.12, p<.0001), gaining a Higher School Certificate (CSA: B=-.48, SE=.13, p<.001; CPA: B=-.78, SE=.14, p<.001), attending university (CSA: B=-.29, SE=.13, p<.05; CPA: B=-.45, SE=.13, p<.001), and gaining a university degree (CSA: B=-.54, SE=.18, p<.005; CPA: B=-.64, SE=.17, p<.001). Adjustment for confounding social, parental, and individual factors explained most of these associations. After control for confounding factors, omnibus tests of the associations between CSA and outcomes and CPA and outcomes failed to reach statistical significance (CSA: Wald chi(2) (4)=7.72, p=.10; CPA: Wald chi(2) (4)=8.26, p=.08).Conclusions The effects of exposure to CSA and CPA on later educational achievement outcomes are largely explained by the social, family, and individual context within which exposure to abuse takes place.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Several studies have documented a link between offline child abuse and academic problems (Boden, Horwood, & Fergusson, 2007;Daignault & Hébert, 2009;Veltman & Browne, 2001).”
From A review of young people's vulnerabilities to online grooming (2013) · cites this paper as Boden, Horwood, & Fergusson, 2007
Citations
Cites
Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models
LIANG, K.-Y., & ZEGER, S. L. (1986) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/73.1.13 · Cited by 18,550
Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Zeger, S. L., & Liang, K. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531248 · Cited by 7,781
Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales
Straus, M. A. (1979) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/351733 · Cited by 6,187
Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies
Kendall-Tackett, K. A., Williams, L. M., & Finkelhor, D. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.164 · Cited by 2,537
Power and sample size calculations
Dupont, W. D., & Plummer, W. D. (1990) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(90)90005-m · Cited by 2,112
The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction
Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 · Cited by 1,679
Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144029 · Cited by 861
FERGUSSON, D. M., HORWOOD, L. J., & LYNSKEY, M. T. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00024 · Cited by 826
Self-citationFERGUSSON, D. M., HORWOOD, L. J., & WOODWARD, L. J. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799002111 · Cited by 655
Self-citationSchool performance and disciplinary problems among abused and neglected children
Eckenrode, J., Laird, M., & Doris, J. (1993) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.29.1.53 · Cited by 609
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Elley, 1976, Revised socio-economic index for New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 11, 25
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 326
Cognitive-Behavioral Group Treatment for a Sexually Abused Child and a Nonoffending Caregiver
Hubel, G. S., Maldonado, R. C., Tavkar, P., Hansen, D. J., & Flood, M. F. (2011) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650111422376 · Cited by 4
Carvalho, J. C. N., Donat, J. C., de Moura, T. C., Dertelmann, C. D. F. V., & Kristensen, C. H. (2017) · Psychology & Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/pne0000109 · Cited by 4
Buhrmann, A. S., & Fuller‐Thomson, E. (2022) · Aging and Health Research · doi:10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100088 · Cited by 4
Child Physical Abuse Among Urban Secondary School Pupils in Zimbabwe
Gwirayi, P., & Shumba, A. (2009) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2009.10820267 · Cited by 4
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) – belastende Kindheitserlebnisse
Fegert, J. M., Sachser, C., & Witt, A. (2020) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49289-5_53-1 · Cited by 3
Does it add up? Educational achievement mediates child maltreatment subtypes to allostatic load
Fitzgerald, M., & Hall, H. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106630 · Cited by 3
Mazoyer, A.-V., Auriol-Verge, S., Roques, M., & de Bérail, B. (2016) · Revue québécoise de psychologie · doi:10.7202/1040111ar · Cited by 3
Understanding and Cultivating Hope in School
Dixson, D. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.014 · Cited by 3
The Effect of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Song Among Elementary School Children:Pilot Study
Solehati, T., Hermayanti, Y., Kosasih, C. E., & Mediani, H. S. (2021) · Jurnal Aisyah Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan · doi:10.30604/jika.v6i2.473 · Cited by 5
A Review of Child Sexual Abuse
Feng, J.-Y., Hao, Y., & Deng, Z. (2021) · Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research/Advances in social science, education and humanities research · doi:10.2991/assehr.k.210617.070 · Cited by 3
Trauma and Academic Impact: Stories From At-Risk Youth
Morton, B. M. (2022) · Northwest Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.15760/nwjte.2022.17.2.4 · Cited by 1
Fraga, S. J. D. S., Abrahamyan, A., Amorim, M., & Soares, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_76 · Cited by 3
Goodall, K., Robertson, H., & Schwannauer, M. (2020) · Scottish Affairs · doi:10.3366/scot.2020.0339 · Cited by 4
Méndez, J. L. S., & Vargas, A. C. (2010) · Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa · Cited by 3
Minke, K. M., & Woodford, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.030 · Cited by 6
Moore, S. M. (2019) · Scholarship & Creative Works - Digital UNC a service of University Libraries (University of Northern Colorado) · Cited by 3
School-Based Interventions for Refugee Children and Adolescents
Teja, Z., & Worrell, F. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.036 · Cited by 2
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood: A Scoping Review
Chen, Y., & Zhang, L. (2026) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380261460008 · Cited by 2
Effective Bullying Prevention and Intervention Strategies for School Professionals
Swearer, S. M., Garcia, A. G., Damme, A. M., Palmon, S., Asay, N. J., & Scalora, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.023 · Cited by 2
Rising to the Challenge: A School Psychology for All Students
Worrell, F. C., Dixson, D. D., & Hughes, T. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.037 · Cited by 2
Halkett, A. E., O’Grady, S. M., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2022) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1007/s40653-022-00467-0 · Cited by 5
Fraga, S. J. D. S., Abrahamyan, A., Amorim, M., & Soares, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_76-1 · Cited by 2
Gawrysiak, M. J., Loomis, D., Armao, M., Gillooly, E., Kearns, L., & Walsh, J. C. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02136-1 · Cited by 2
Fuller‐Thomson, E., Ryckman, K., MacNeil, A., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107009 · Cited by 2
Bader, D., Frank, K., & Kohen, D. (2023) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-023-10062-w · Cited by 2
TOLAN, Ö. Ç. (2023) · International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research · doi:10.52380/ijcer.2023.10.2.356 · Cited by 2
Childhood Trauma as a Public Health Issue
Urbina-Johanson, S., Meza, R. D., Martin, P., Fearey, E., Lambert, H., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77215-3_3 · Cited by 3
Davidson, R. D., Rojo‐Wissar, D. M., Sullivan, A. W., & Beck, C. J. A. (2018) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696818756402 · Cited by 2
Smith, C., Smith-Carrier, T. A., Gazso, A., Collins, S. B., & Saxby, C. (2019) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2019.1608887 · Cited by 2
School Settings that Facilitate High Teacher Expectations
Rubie-Davies, C. M., & Flint, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.015 · Cited by 4
Wolf, M. (2023) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2023.100332 · Cited by 3
Noll, J. G., & Roitman, M. (2023) · Child maltreatment solutions network · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33739-0_3 · Cited by 2
O Impacto da exposição às situações de violência sobre o atraso escolar no estado do Ceará
de Aguiar, M. A. S. (2023) · doi:10.38116/ppp64art1 · Cited by 2
Principles of Prevention and Intervention to Close Discipline Gaps in Schools
Gregory, A., & Skiba, R. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.024 · Cited by 5
Social Patterning of Health Risk Behaviors: the Mediating Role of Exposure to Childhood Adversity.
Rosales, T. A. (2013) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 2
Fang, X., & Tarui, N. (2015) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.205319 · Cited by 2
Gilad, M., & Gutman, A. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3458626 · Cited by 2
Supporting Teachers in Tier 1 Instruction: Use of Coaching and Formative Assessment
Lekwa, A. J., & Reddy, L. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.008 · Cited by 1
Seydooğulları, S. Ü., & Kapçı, E. G. (2023) · Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi · doi:10.17066/tpdrd.1262213.3 · Cited by 1
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) – belastende Kindheitserlebnisse
Fegert, J. M., Sachser, C., & Witt, A. (2024) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66744-6_53 · Cited by 1
Testa, A. M., Fu, K., Jackson, D. B., Mungia, R., Oates, T. W., Nagata, J. M., & Ganson, K. T. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0332880 · Cited by 1
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Emerging Adults’ Education and Employment
Chen, W. (2025) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x251381831 · Cited by 1
Gorla, L., Rothenberg, W. A., & Jd, G. (2026) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.70133 · Cited by 1
Jacobs, J., Agho, K., & Raphael, B. (2012) · Family matters · Cited by 1
Asymptomatic victims of child sexual abuse: A critical review
Boardman, M., & Davies, M. (2009) · Forensic Update · doi:10.53841/bpsfu.2009.1.99.6 · Cited by 1
Preventing and Minimizing Stereotype Threat in School Settings
Crosby, J. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.017 · Cited by 1
Executive Function and School Performance
Riccio, C. A., & Castro, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.005 · Cited by 2
Broadening the Focus of School Psychology Practice
Worrell, F. C., Hughes, T. L., & Dixson, D. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.001 · Cited by 1
Adolescent Suicidal Behavior in Schools: What to Know and What to Do
Mazza, J. J., & Miller, D. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.020 · Cited by 1
Self-Regulated Learning in School Contexts
Cleary, T. J., Callan, G. L., & Pawlo, E. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.012 · Cited by 1
(2020) · İlköğretim Online · doi:10.17051/ilkonline.2021.01.015 · Cited by 1
Kim, S., Nickerson, A. B., & Kim, T. E. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.102877 · Cited by 1
Problematizing Child Maltreatment: Learning from New Zealand’s Policies
Nazari, H., Oleson, J. C., & Haan, I. D. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13040193 · Cited by 1
Deng, B., McLeod, G. F. H., Mackenbach, J. D., Dhakal, B., Eggleton, P., Marek, L., Campbell, M. H., Boden, J. M., & Hobbs, M. (2024) · Child Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s12187-024-10175-w · Cited by 1
Self-citationAsymptomatic victims of child sexual abuse: A critical review
Boardman, M., & Davies, M. (2010) · Forensic Update · doi:10.53841/bpsfu.2010.1.101.24 · Cited by 1
Mentoring undergraduate women survivors of childhood abuse and intimate partner violence.
Reilly, R. C., & D’Amico, M. (2011) · Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University) · Cited by 1
Adolescents and Child Maltreatment
Beard, J. (2013) · NASN School Nurse · doi:10.1177/1942602x13517721 · Cited by 1
School Psychologists in Early Childhood Settings
Alfonso, V. C., Ruby, S. F., Wissel, A. M., & Davari, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.033 · Cited by 1
Addressing “Won’t Do” Issues in Mathematics
Skinner, C. H., Wright, S. P., & McCallum, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.003 · Cited by 1
Cross-Race/Ethnic Friendships in School
Graham, S., & Kogachi, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.011 · Cited by 1
Child sexual abuse: From diagnosis to formulation
Pilgrim, D. (2017) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2017.34.4.40 · Cited by 1
A neuropsychological study of primary school-aged children with a history of maltreatment
Schirmer, H. (2010) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 1
Jalal, E. (2016) · Figshare · Cited by 1
Exploring opportunities for prevention of child sexual abuse in a diverse American Muslim community.
Kakar, R. M. (2021) · doi:10.18297/etd/3721 · Cited by 1
Ravindran, S., Diaz, L. D., Shah, M., Powers, S., & Baker‐Henningham, H. (2023) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-10507 · Cited by 1
An exploration of young people’s vulnerabilities to online grooming and sexual abuse
Whittle, H. C. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Adolescent Male Perpetrators of Rape in the General Population and Their Young Adult Outcomes
Oshima, K. M. M. (2013) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7xp7329
Counseling sexually abused boys and men: A conjoint analysis of counselors' perceived effectiveness
Paul, J. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository
Rogers, T. M. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/8374493
Final report of the Evaluation of the Hamilton Kauri Centre
Quinn, T. J. (2008)
Educational Attainment for Youth Who Were Maltreated in Adolescence
Cage, J. L. (2017) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network)
An Examination of Foster Youth Socialization to Dating and Sexual Behaviors
Smith, R. L. (2017) · The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)
Adolescent Educational Assessment
Spinner, S., Vaccaro, B. G., & Rudolph, B. D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66130-0.00008-9
Bush, A. H. (2019) · EngagedScholarship @ Cleveland State University (Cleveland State University)
Plant, D. T., Pawlby, S. J., Pariante, C. M., & Jones, F. W. (2019) · Gezinstherapie Wereldwijd · doi:10.1007/s12440-019-00104-7
THE EFFECTS OF EARLY CHILD PHYSICAL ABUSE ON SOCIAL AND ACADEMIC COMPETENCE IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
Beatty, A. (2020) · Digital Commons - URI (University of Rhode Island) · doi:10.23860/thesis-beatty-avery-2020
How Best to Serve Court-Involved Youth in Schools
Andretta, J. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.035
Coordinating Services with Nonschool Providers
Golden, M. E., & DuPaul, G. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.029
Emotional Disturbance versus Social Maladjustment
Hughes, T. L., Tansy, M. E., & Pask, E. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.021 · Cited by 1
Substance Use and Misuse Prevention: Guidance for Practitioners
Yu, S., & Sussman, S. Y. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.028
Impairments Related to Medical Conditions
Wodrich, D. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.026
Enhancing Reading Motivation in Schools
Zibulsky, J., & Schwartz, L. B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.002
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Illegal Acts
Pask, E. A., & Hughes, T. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.022
The School Psychologist’s Role in Facilitating the Transition to College
Kaufman, J., & Øverup, C. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.031
Internalizing Problems and Disorders of Childhood
Kamphaus, R. W., Walden, E. D., & Carrizales-Engelmann, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.019
Belonging in Schools: A Social Psychological Perspective
Perez, A. D., Lee, R. T., & Mendoza‐Denton, R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.010
Gelbar, N. W., & Theodore, L. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.006
Transition from School to Work within a Theory-based Problem-Solving Framework
Schmitt, A. J., Yarbrough, J. L., & Hennessey, J. M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.032
Helping Teachers Use Progress Monitoring Data for Intervention Decisions
Burns, M. K., Aguilar, L. N., & Taylor, C. N. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.007
Psychological Considerations for Asthma
Bray, M. A., Root, M. M., Howell, M., & Bilias‐Lolis, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.027
School Environments that Facilitate Delaying Gratification
Bembenutty, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108235532.013
Morrow, A. S. (2019) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fidc007710
La destinée de la jeune victime de maltraitance sexuelle
de Becker, E. (2020) · Psychothérapies · doi:10.3917/psys.204.0215
Frissen, A. (2016) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20161221af
Metadata
- Authors
- Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Fergusson, David M.
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1101-1114
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094613980
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, academic performance, secondary school qualifications, college attendance, university degree attainment, late adolescence, early adulthood, parental factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Data Collection, Educational Status, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review