Cited by 106Analytical chemistry methods developmentToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactPesticide Residue Analysis and Safety

Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in different environmental matrices

Liu, Xiujuan, Li, Jianwang, Zhao, Zhixu, Zhang, Wei, Lin, Kuangfei, Huang, Changjiang, Wang, Xuedong·2009·Journal of Chromatography A

Abstract

An analytical method, solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextration (SPE-DLLME), was established to determine polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water and plant samples. After concentration and purification of the samples in LC-C18 column, 1.0-mL elution sample containing 22.0 microL 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was injected rapidly into the 5.0-mL pure water. After extraction and centrifuging, the sedimented phase was injected rapidly into gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). For water samples, enrichment factors (EFs) are in the range of 6838-9405 under the optimum conditions. The calibration curves are linear in the range of 0.1-100 ng L(-1) (BDEs 28, 47) and 0.5-500 ng L(-1) (BDEs 100, 99, 85, 154, 153). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) and the limits of detection (LODs) are in the range of 4.2-7.9% (n=5) and 0.03-0.15 ng L(-1), respectively. For plant samples, RSDs and LODs are in the range of 5.9-11.3% and 0.04-0.16 microg kg(-1), respectively. The relative recoveries of well, river, sea, leachate, and clover samples, spiked with different levels of PBDEs, are 66.8-94.1%, 72.2-100.5%, 74.5-110.4%, 62.1-105.1%, 66.1-91.7%, 62.4-88.9%, and 64.5-83.2%, respectively. The results show that SPE-DLLME is a suitable method for the determination of PBDEs in water and plant samples.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.092

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  • So far, DLLME has been used for determination of PCBs by HPLC-UV and PBDEs by GC-ECD and GC-MS.

    “So far, the technique has been used for the determination of PCBs by HPLC-UV [76-78] and PBDEs by GC-ECD [56,59,60,72] and GCMS [61].”
  • Chlorobenzene and tetrachloroethane were preferred as extractant solvents for PCBs/PBDEs, while acetonitrile and acetone were used as disperser solvents, except one case using tetrahydrofurane.

    “Chlorobenzene [59-61,77] and tetrachloroethane [56,76,78] were preferred in all cases as extractant solvents (volumes less than 35 l L), while acetonitrile [56,76] and acetone [5961,77] were used as disperser solvent, except in one case in which tetrahydrofurane was used [78].”
  • Liu et al. [56] analyzed PBDEs in well water, river water, seawater, leachate, and clover samples using an SPE-DLLME-GC-ECD procedure.

    “Regarding the extraction of PBDEs by DLLME, it is worth pointing out the work of Liu et al . [56] for their analysis of well water, river water, seawater, leachate, and clover samples.”
  • The SPE-DLLME-GC-ECD procedure of Liu et al. [56] obtained LODs at the ng/L level.

    “In this case, an SPE-DLLME-GC-ECD procedure obtained LODs at the ng/L level.”
  • For Liu et al. [56], relative recoveries, enrichment factors and LODs were in the ranges 62.1-110.4%, 6838-9405 and 0.03-0.15 ng/L, respectively.

    “Relative recoveries, enrichment factors and LODs were in the ranges 62.1-110.4%, 6838-9405 and 0.03-0.15 ng/L, respectively.”

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Authors
Liu, X., Li, J., Zhao, Z., Zhang, W., Lin, K., Huang, C., & Wang, X.
Affiliations
  • Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
  • East China University of Science and Technology (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Huang, Changjiang
  • Wang, Xuedong
Venue
Journal of Chromatography A
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-03
Volume
1216
Issue
12
Pages
2220-2226
ISSN
0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2062921207
Cited by
106
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
11.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China
  • Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Keywords
polybrominated diphenyl ethers, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, water analysis, plant specimen, brominated flame retardants, enrichment factor, leachate, clover, river water, seawater
MeSH terms
Acetonitriles, Chromatography, Gas, Fresh Water, Osmolar Concentration, Seawater, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sodium Chloride, Solvents, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Reproducibility of Results, Medicago, Solid Phase Extraction, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers

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