The influence of gender on knee kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns during side-step cutting

Sigward, Susan M.; Powers, Christopher M.

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.001

Cited by 272Knee injuries and reconstruction techniquesLower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesMuscle activation and electromyography studies

The influence of gender on knee kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns during side-step cutting

Sigward, Susan M., Powers, Christopher M.·2006·Clinical Biomechanics

DOI 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.001

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Abstract

Background It has been suggested that gender differences in the performance of athletic maneuvers is a contributory factor with respect to the disproportionate incidence of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in knee joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation during a side-step cutting.Methods Three-dimensional kinematics, ground reaction forces (2400 Hz) and electromyographic activity (surface electrodes) were recorded during the early deceleration phase of side-step cutting in 30 healthy collegiate soccer players (15 male, 15 female). Gender differences in knee joint kinematics, peak moments, net joint moment impulse and average muscle EMG intensity were evaluated with one-tailed t-tests.Findings No differences in kinematics were found. However, when compared to males, females demonstrated a smaller peak knee flexor moment (1.4 (0.8) vs. 2.1 (0.8) Nm/kg, P = 0.05) and a greater knee adductor moment (0.43 (0.5) vs. 0.01 (0.3) Nm/kg, P < 0.01) during early deceleration. In addition, females displayed greater average quadriceps EMG intensity than males (191% vs. 151% maximum voluntary isometric contraction, P = 0.02).Interpretation In general, females experienced increased frontal plane moments and decreased sagittal plane moments during early deceleration. These differences are suggestive of an "at risk" pattern in that frontal plane support of the knee is afforded primarily by passive structures (including the anterior cruciate ligament). Furthermore, increased quadriceps activity and smaller net flexor moments may suggest less sagittal plane protection (i.e., increased tendency towards anterior tibial translation).

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Males have a lower incidence of knee injuries, often attributed to low quadriceps angle conferred by a narrow pelvic girdle.
“males have a lower incidence of knee injuries, often attributed to low quadriceps (Q) angle conferred by a narrow pelvic girdle [59, 60].”
From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [59]
Male bone geometry and density may provide protection against some sport-related injuries.
“Male bone geometry and density may also provide protection against some sport-related injuries”
From Transgender Women in the Female Category of Sport: Perspectives on Testosterone Suppression and Performance Advantage (2021) · cites this paper as [59]

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Authors: Sigward, S. M., & Powers, C. M.
Affiliations: University of Southern California (US)
ORCID: Powers, Christopher M.
Venue: Clinical Biomechanics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 41-48
ISSN: 0268-0033 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.08.001
OpenAlex: W2166051063
Cited by: 272
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 10.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Clinical Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords: gender differences, knee kinematics, knee kinetics, muscle activation, sidestep cutting, non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, female athletes, quadriceps activation, ground reaction force, soccer players, anterior tibial translation
MeSH terms: Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Knee Joint, Locomotion, Male, Muscle Contraction, Sex Factors, Soccer, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal

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The influence of gender on knee kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns during side-step cutting

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