BAT Thermogenesis: Linking Shivering to Exercise

A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis

Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810 · see citing works

Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans

Lee, P., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Brychta, R. J., Wang, J., Idelson, C., Perron, R. M., Werner, C. D., Phan, G. Q., Kammula, U. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017 · Cited by 802 · see citing works

Thermogenic Activation Induces FGF21 Expression and Release in Brown Adipose Tissue

Hondares, E., Iglesias, R., Giralt, A., Gonzalez, F. J., Giralt, M., Mampel, T., & Villarroya, F. (2011) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.215889 · Cited by 623 · see citing works

Endocrine fibroblast growth factors 15/19 and 21: from feast to famine

Potthoff, M. J., Kliewer, S. A., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.184788.111 · Cited by 442 · see citing works

Blunted metabolic responses to cold and insulin stimulation in brown adipose tissue of obese humans

Orava, J., Nuutila, P., Noponen, T., Parkkola, R. K., Viljanen, T., Enerbäck, S., Rissanen, A., Pietiläinen, K. H., & Virtanen, K. A. (2013) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20456 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

Thermal Imaging to Assess Age-Related Changes of Skin Temperature within the Supraclavicular Region Co-Locating with Brown Adipose Tissue in Healthy Children

Symonds, M. E., Henderson, K., Elvidge, L., Bosman, C., Sharkey, D., Perkins, A. C., & Budge, H. (2012) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.04.056 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Mild Cold Exposure Modulates Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Diurnal Rhythm in Humans: Relationship between FGF21 Levels, Lipolysis, and Cold-Induced Thermogenesis

Lee, P., Brychta, R. J., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Chen, K. Y., & Celi, F. S. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3107 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Activation of α2-adrenergic receptors impairs exercise-induced lipolysis in SCAT of obese subjects

Štich, V., de Glisezinski, I., Crampes, F., Hejnová, J., Cottet-Émard, J. M., Galitzky, J., Lafontan, M., Rivière, D., & Berlan, M. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.r499 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise

Schnyder, S., & Handschin, C. (2015) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.008 · Cited by 419 · see citing works

A glance at the therapeutic potential of irisin against diseases involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis: An introductory review

Askari, H., Rajani, S. F., Poorebrahim, M., Haghi‐Aminjan, H., Raeis-Abdollahi, E., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2018) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.012 · Cited by 188 · see citing works

Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health

Castillo‐Armengol, J., Fajas, L., & Lopez‐Mejia, I. C. (2019) · The EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201947903 · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Exercise-induced ’browning’ of adipose tissues

Aldiss, P., Betts, J., Sale, C., Pope, M., Budge, H., & Symonds, M. E. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.009 · Cited by 175 · see citing works

The Function of Myostatin in the Regulation of Fat Mass in Mammals

Deng, B., Zhang, F., Wen, J., Ye, S., Wang, L., Yang, Y., Gong, P., & Jiang, S. (2017) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0179-1 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Genetic disruption of uncoupling protein 1 in mice renders brown adipose tissue a significant source of FGF21 secretion

Keipert, S., Kutschke, M., Lamp, D., Brachthäuser, L., Neff, F., Meyer, C. W., Oelkrug, R., Kharitonenkov, A., & Jastroch, M. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.04.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

Regulation of brown adipocyte metabolism by myostatin/follistatin signaling

Singh, R., Braga, M., & Pervin, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2014.00060 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Muscle wasting in cancer

Argilés, J. M. A., López-Soriano, F. J., & Busquets, S. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000164 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

miR-125b affects mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs brite adipocyte formation and function

Giroud, M., Pisani, D., Karbiener, M., Barquissau, V., Ghandour, R., Tews, D., Fischer-Posovszky, P., Chambard, J., Knippschild, U., Niemi, T., et al. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Role of Irisin on the bone–muscle functional unit

Colaianni, G., & Grano, M. (2015) · BoneKEy Reports · doi:10.1038/bonekey.2015.134 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

The Effect of Irisin as a Metabolic Regulator and Its Therapeutic Potential for Obesity

Li, H., Wang, F., Mu, Y., Sun, J., Zhao, Y. C., & Tang, D. (2021) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2021/6572342 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Pig has no uncoupling protein 1

Hou, L., Shi, J., Cao, L., Xu, G., Hu, C. Y., & Wang, C. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.118 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Effect of cold stress on the MAPK pathway and lipidomics on muscle of Takifugu fasciatus

Chu, P., Wang, T., Sun, Y., Chu, M., Wang, H. Y., Zheng, X., & Yin, S. (2021) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736691 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Metabolic determinants of Alzheimer’s disease: A focus on thermoregulation

Tournissac, M., Leclerc, M., Valentin‐Escalera, J., Vandal, M., Bosoi, C. R., Planel, E., & Calon, F. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101462 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Cinnamomum cassia extract promotes thermogenesis during exposure to cold via activation of brown adipose tissue

Li, X., Lu, H., Jiang, X., Yue, Y., Xing, B., Yao, D., Wu, Q., Xu, Z., & Zhao, Q.-C. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113413 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Acute and Chronic Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Irisin, Adropin, and Cholesterol Levels in the Winter Season

Özbay, S., Ulupınar, S., Şebin, E., & Altınkaynak, K. (2020) · The Chinese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_84_19 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Exercise in the Cold Causes Greater Irisin Release but May Not Be Enough for Adropin

Ulupınar, S., Özbay, S., Gençoğlu, C., Altınkaynak, K., Şebin, E., & Oymak, B. (2021) · The Chinese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.4103/cjp.cjp_2_21 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-020-00440-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Crotamine induces browning of adipose tissue and increases energy expenditure in mice

Marinovic, M. P., Campeiro, J. D., Lima, S., Rocha, A. L. S., Nering, M. B., Oliveira, E. B., Mori, M. A., & Hayashi, M. A. F. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-22988-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Rhythms of metabolism in adipose tissue and mitochondria

Onder, Y., & Green, C. B. (2018) · Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms · doi:10.1016/j.nbscr.2018.01.001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Exercise activates the hypothalamic S1PR1–STAT3 axis through the central action of interleukin 6 in mice

Silva, V. R. R., Micheletti, T. O., Katashima, C. K., Lenhare, L., Morari, J., Moura‐Assis, A., Júnior, J. C. D. L., de Camargo, J. A., Passos, G. R., Gaspar, R. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.26818 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

A century of exercise physiology: concepts that ignited the study of human thermoregulation. Part 3: Heat and cold tolerance during exercise

Notley, S. R., Mitchell, D., & Taylor, N. A. S. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05276-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Browning of Pig White Preadipocytes by Co-Overexpressing Pig PGC-1α and Mice UCP1

Hou, L., Xie, M.-Y., Cao, L., Shi, J., Xu, G., Hu, C. Y., & Wang, C. (2018) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000491885 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Short Dietary Intervention with Olive Oil Increases Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Lean but not Overweight Subjects

Monfort‐Pires, M., U-Din, M., Nogueira, G. A. S., de Almeida-Faria, J., Sidarta-Oliveira, D., Sant’Ana, M. R., Júnior, J. C. D. L., Cintra, D. E., de Souza, H. P., Ferreira, S. R. G., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa824 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Subcutaneous Administration of a Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanomatrix Gel Ameliorates Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Ren, G., Hwang, P. T. J., Millican, R., Shin, J., Brott, B. C., van Groen, T., Powell, C. M., Bhatnagar, S., Young, M. E., Jun, H., et al. (2022) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c24113 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Exercise training alters lipoprotein particles independent of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity

Motiani, P., Teuho, J., Saari, T., Virtanen, K. A., Honkala, S. M., Middelbeek, R. J. W., Goodyear, L. J., Eskola, O., Andersson, J., Löyttyniemi, E., et al. (2019) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.330 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Low‐Level Radiofrequency Exposure Induces Vasoconstriction in Rats

Cuc, T., Braun, A., Bach, V., Pelletier, A., & de Sèze, R. (2021) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.22350 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Role of ERβ in adipocyte metabolic response to wheel running following ovariectomy

Clart, L., Welly, R. J., Queathem, E. D., Rector, R. S., Padilla, J., Baines, C. P., Kanaley, J. A., Lubahn, D. B., & Vieira‐Potter, V. J. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-21-0009 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Histology, fatty acid composition, antioxidant and glycolipid metabolism, and transcriptome analyses of the acute cold stress response in Phoxinus lagowskii

Chen, Y., Liu, T., Hu, D., Hu, T., Ye, C., & Mu, W. (2024) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101242 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The Effect of Hyperbaric Therapy on Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats

Lee, C.-H., Choi, Y.-A., Heo, S.-J., & Song, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179165 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Effects of aquatic versus land-based exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and triiodothyronine and free fatty acid levels in elderly women

Kang, D.-W., Koh, S.-H., Kim, M.-K., & Kim, D. (2024) · Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives · doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0394 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Expression of Recombinant Rat Secretable FNDC5 in Pichia Pastoris and Detection of Its Biological Activity

Zhao, Y. C., Li, H., Donelan, W., Li, S., & Tang, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.852015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Effect of a bout of acute cold water immersion on circulating FGF21, Irisin and T3 hormones in SCUBA divers

전유나, 김창근, & 라승구 (2015) · Exercise Science · doi:10.15857/ksep.2015.24.3.283 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The acclimatization of Haenyeo to a cold environment and occupational characteristics evaluated by orexin and irisin levels

Lee, I.-H., Lee, Y.-J., Jang, E.-C., Kwon, S.-C., Min, Y., Yun, J., Park, T., Lee, H.-J., Choo, E.-A., & Lee, J. (2022) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e28 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Short-duration cold exposure decreases fasting-induced glucose intolerance but has no effect on resting energy expenditure

Solianik, R., Židonienė, K., & Brazaitis, M. (2023) · Cryobiology · doi:10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104564 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Decoding Adipose Tissue Phenotypic Switching: From Mechanisms to Computational Drug Discovery

Ye, Y., Yin, R., Sun, J., Dai, Y., Zhao, D., & Zou, X. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00701-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works

IRISIN: A POTENTIAL PROMISING AGENT AGAINST NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC RATS

Elkattawy, H. A., & Ashour, W. M. R. (2019) · Al-Azhar Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/amj.2019.56675 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Research advances in metabolism 2017

Perakakis, N., Ghaly, W., Peradze, N., Boutari, C., Batırel, S., Douglas, V. P., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.018

Exercise alleviates osteoporotic changes in glucocorticoids- induced osteoporosis in a rat model: a possible role of endogenous irisin

Mohamed, M., Shabanah, M., Samir, S. M., Gad, G. E. M., & Elserougy, H. G. (2020) · Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences · doi:10.21608/besps.2020.29480.1058

Additional file 5 of Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992254

Additional file 4 of Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992248

Combination Effect of Caffeine Intake and Thermotherapy on the Blood Levels of Human Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Healthy Males

Lee, H., Park, T.-H., Yun, B., Lee, I.-H., Moon, M., Kim, S., Lim, Y.-R., Kim, M., Bae, D.-J., Kim, J. K., et al. (2025) · Journal of physiological investigation. · doi:10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-25-00003

Additional file 1 of Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J.-L., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992236

Additional file 2 of Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J.-L., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992239

Additional file 3 of Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning

Wei, G., Sun, H., Liu, J.-L., Dong, K., Liu, J., & Zhang, M. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.11992245

Rôle de RelB et de sa phosphorylation sur la sérine 472 dans les dérégulations du métabolisme in vitro et in vivo

Benatar, C. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/89a283f4z65c6z4519z9345z6a5c0c0a72ec

Rôle des flux de lactate dans le métabolisme des tissus adipeux beiges et bruns

Lagarde, D. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/6dfcfe91z26c5z42a8z8f53zb5a5be6082a4

Effets d'une exposition répétée aux ondes radiofréquences sur la régulation thermique chez les rongeurs

Mai, T. C. (2020) · doi:10.70675/11bc0dedz4ba0z4f09z8216z37c7ef5e01ae

Irisin and FGF21 are cold-induced endocrine activators of brown fat function in humans

Lee, P., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Brychta, R. J., Wang, J., Idelson, C., Perron, R. M., Werner, C. D., Phan, G. Q., Kammula, U. S., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.017 · Cited by 802 · see citing works

Non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies of brown adipose tissue recruitment in humans

Lee, P., & Greenfield, J. R. (2015) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.025 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Brown Fat Activation Mediates Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Adult Humans in Response to a Mild Decrease in Ambient Temperature

Chen, K. Y., Brychta, R. J., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Courville, A. B., Dieckmann, W., Herscovitch, P., Millo, C., Remaley, A. T., Lee, P., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4213 · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans

Ouellet, V., Labbé, S. M., Blondin, D. P., Phoenix, S., Guérin, B., Haman, F., Turcotte, É. E., Richard, D., & Carpentier, A. C. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci60433 · Cited by 985 · see citing works

Brown Adipose Tissue Responds to Cold and Adrenergic Stimulation by Induction of FGF21

Chartoumpekis, D. V., Habeos, I. G., Ziros, P. G., Psyrogiannis, A. I., Kyriazopoulou, V. E., & Papavassiliou, A. G. (2011) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2011.00075 · Cited by 252 · see citing works