Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise
Open accessAbstract
An active lifestyle is crucial to maintain health into old age; inversely, sedentariness has been linked to an elevated risk for many chronic diseases. The discovery of myokines, hormones produced by skeletal muscle tissue, suggests the possibility that these might be molecular mediators of the whole body effects of exercise originating from contracting muscle fibers. Even though less is known about the sedentary state, the lack of contraction-induced myokines or the production of a distinct set of hormones in the inactive muscle could likewise contribute to pathological consequences in this context. In this review, we try to summarize the most recent developments in the study of muscle as an endocrine organ and speculate about the potential impact on our understanding of exercise and sedentary physiology, respectively. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Exercise can induce systemic metabolic effects via changes in muscle mass and metabolic demand or via release of myokines and myometabolites to target downstream tissues.
“Exercise can induce systemic metabolic effects either via changes in the mass and metabolic demand of muscle or via the release of muscle‐derived cytokines (myokines) and metabolites (myometabolites) to target different downstream tissues (Schnyder & Handschin, 2015).”
From Exercise‐induced α‐ketoglutaric acid stimulates muscle hypertrophy and fat loss through OXGR1‐dependent adrenal activation (2020) · cites this paper as Schnyder & Handschin, 2015
Sections 2.1 and 3.1 describe exercise-regulated myokines acting on distant tissues, and section 2.11.3 describes exercise-associated release of BAIBA, a non-protein muscle-derived factor with effects on adipose tissue and liver. Section 1.2 reports exercise-induced changes in muscle size and metabolic properties, but the passages do not establish that changes in muscle mass and metabolic demand themselves cause systemic metabolic effects. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Authors
- Schnyder, S., & Handschin, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Handschin, Christoph
- ORCID
- Handschin, Christoph
- Venue
- Bone
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 115-125
- ISSN
- 1873-2763 (ISSN-L)
- 8756-3282
- PMC
- PMC4657151
- OpenAlex
- W2160581548
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bone (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- ERC Consolidator grant (616830)
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Swiss Society for Research on Muscle Diseases (SSEM)
- Neuromuscular Research Association Basel (NeRAB)
- Gebert-Rüf Foundation “Rare Diseases” Program
- Novartis Stiftung für medizinisch-biologische Forschung
- University of Basel
- Biozentrum
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- myokines, PGC-1α, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, chronic disease risk, muscle contraction
- MeSH terms
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Transcription Factors, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal
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