Metformin Action: Concentrations Matter

Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mechanism of Metformin Action

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The Kinase LKB1 Mediates Glucose Homeostasis in Liver and Therapeutic Effects of Metformin

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Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I

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Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

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Metformin Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis in Mice Independently of the LKB1/AMPK Pathway via a Decrease in Hepatic Energy State

Foretz, M., Hébrard, S., Leclerc, J., Zarrinpashneh, E., Soty, M., Mithieux, G., Sakamoto, K., Andreelli, F., & Viollet, B. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci40671 · Cited by 1,181

Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Stumvoll, M., Nurjhan, N., Perriello, G., Dailey, G., & Gerich, J. E. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199508313330903 · Cited by 1,148

Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin

Fullerton, M. D., Galic, S., Marcinko, K., Sikkema, S., Pulinilkunnil, T., Chen, Z.-P., O'Neill, H. M., Ford, R. J., Palanivel, R., O'Brien, M., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3372 · Cited by 893

Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP

Miller, R., Chu, Q., Xie, J., Foretz, M., Viollet, B., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11808 · Cited by 845

Use of Cells Expressing γ Subunit Variants to Identify Diverse Mechanisms of AMPK Activation

Hawley, S. A., Ross, F. A., Chevtzoff, C., Green, K. A., Evans, A., Fogarty, S., Towler, M. C., Brown, L. J., Ogunbayo, O. A., Evans, A. M., et al. (2010) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.04.001 · Cited by 773

Metformin pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

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The importance of the AMPK gamma 1 subunit in metformin suppression of liver glucose production

An, H., Wang, Y., Qin, C., Li, M., Maheshwari, A., & He, L. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-67030-5 · Cited by 25

Metformin prevents endothelial oxidative stress and microvascular insulin resistance during obesity development in male rats

Liu, J., Aylor, K. W., Chai, W., Barrett, E. J., & Liu, Z. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00240.2021 · Cited by 27

Bioactive Ingredients in K. pinnata Extract and Synergistic Effects of Combined K. pinnata and Metformin Preparations on Antioxidant Activities in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Cells

Ramon, P., Bergmann, D., Abdulla, H. A. N., Sparks, J., & Omoruyi, F. O. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076211 · Cited by 25

Metformin Inhibits Mouse Islet Insulin Secretion and Alters Intracellular Calcium in a Concentration-Dependent and Duration-Dependent Manner near the Circulating Range

Gelin, L., Li, J., Corbin, K. L., Jahan, I., & Nunemaker, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/9163052 · Cited by 26

Metformin Promotes Anti-tumor Biomarkers in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells

Pabona, J. M. P., Burnett, A., Brown, D. M., Quick, C. M., Simmen, F. A., Montales, M. T. E., Liu, S. J., Rose, T., Alhallak, I., Siegel, E. R., et al. (2020) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43032-019-00019-2 · Cited by 25

CDC25B partners with PP2A to induce AMPK activation and tumor suppression in triple negative breast cancer

Cairns, J., Ly, R. C., Niu, N., Kalari, K. R., Carlson, E. E., & Wang, L. (2020) · NAR Cancer · doi:10.1093/narcan/zcaa039 · Cited by 24

Metformin regulates TRPM6, a potential explanation for magnesium imbalance in type 2 diabetes patients

Bouras, H., Roig, S. R., Kurstjens, S., Tack, C. J., Kebieche, M., de Baaij, J. H. F., & Hoenderop, J. G. J. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2019-0570 · Cited by 24

Metformin Targets Foxo1 to Control Glucose Homeostasis

Guo, X., Li, X., Yang, W., Liao, W., Shen, Z., Ai, W., Pan, Q., Sun, Y., Zhang, K., Zhang, R., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11060873 · Cited by 24

Hypothesis: Metformin is a potential reproductive toxicant

Petersson, M. T., Skakkebæk, N. E., Mathiesen, E. R., Kristensen, D. M., Kjær, K. H., Andersson, A., & Lindahl‐Jacobsen, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1000872 · Cited by 24

Effect of metformin on myotube BCAA catabolism

Rivera, M. E., Lyon, E. S., & Vaughan, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.29327 · Cited by 24

Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area

Tulipano, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222313068 · Cited by 26

A critical review of the current environmental risks posed by the antidiabetic Metformin and the status, advances, and trends in adsorption technologies for its remediation

Vieira, Y., Ribeiro, T. H., Leichtweis, J., Dotto, G. L., Foletto, E. L., Georgin, J., Franco, D. S. P., & Lima, E. C. (2023) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103943 · Cited by 24

Biguanides Metformin and Phenformin Generate Therapeutic Effects via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular-Regulated Kinase Pathways in an In Vitro Model of Graves' Orbitopathy

Han, Y. E., Hwang, S., Kim, J. H., Byun, J. W., Yoon, J. S., & Lee, E. J. (2018) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0338 · Cited by 23

18F-Flortanidazole Hypoxia PET Holds Promise as a Prognostic and Predictive Imaging Biomarker in a Lung Cancer Xenograft Model Treated with Metformin and Radiotherapy

Bruycker, S. D., Vangestel, C., WYNGAERT, T. V. D., Pauwels, P., Wyffels, L., Staelens, S. G., & Stroobants, S. G. (2018) · Journal of Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.2967/jnumed.118.212225 · Cited by 23

Pleiotropic Activity of Metformin and Its Sulfonamide Derivatives on Vascular and Platelet Haemostasis

Markowicz-Piasecka, M., Huttunen, K. M., Sadkowska, A., & Sikora, J. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25010125 · Cited by 23

Metformin increases urinary sodium excretion by reducing phosphorylation of the sodium-chloride cotransporter

Hashimoto, H., Nomura, N., Shoda, W., Isobe, K., Kikuchi, H., Yamamoto, K., Fujimaru, T., Ando, F., Mori, T., Okado, T., et al. (2018) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.009 · Cited by 22

Metformin Disrupts Signaling and Metabolism in Fetal Hepatocytes

Swenson, K. S., Wang, D., Jones, A. K., Nash, M. J., O’Rourke, R., Takahashi, D. L., Kievit, P., Hennebold, J. D., Aagaard, K. M., Friedman, J. E., et al. (2023) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db23-0089 · Cited by 22

Biguanides enhance antifungal activity against Candida glabrata

Xu, S., Feliu, M., Lord, A. K., Lukason, D. P., Negoro, P. E., Khan, N. S., Dagher, Z., Feldman, M. B., Reedy, J. L., Steiger, S. N., et al. (2018) · Virulence · doi:10.1080/21505594.2018.1475798 · Cited by 21

Metformin suppresses phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic responses by inhibiting p300-HAT activity in cardiomyocytes

Sunagawa, Y., Shimizu, K., Katayama, A., Funamoto, M., Shimizu, K., Sari, N., Shimizu, S., Miyazaki, Y., Katanasaka, Y., Hasegawa, K., et al. (2021) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphs.2021.07.001 · Cited by 20

Molecular Mechanisms of the SLC13A5 Gene Transcription

Li, Z., & Wang, H. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11100706 · Cited by 20

The desert gerbil Psammomys obesus as a model for metformin-sensitive nutritional type 2 diabetes to protect hepatocellular metabolic damage: Impact of mitochondrial redox state

Gouaref, I., Détaille, D., Wiernsperger, N. F., Khan, N. A., Leverve, X. M., & Koceir, E.-A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172053 · Cited by 21

Metformin to treat Huntington disease: A pleiotropic drug against a multi-system disorder

Trujillo-Del Río, C., Tortajada-Pérez, J., Gómez-Escribano, A. P., Casterá, F., Peiró, C., Millán, J. M., Herrero, M. J., & Vázquez-Manrique, R. P. (2022) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2022.111670 · Cited by 19

Effects of metformin on adipose-derived stromal cell (ADSC) – Breast cancer cell lines interaction

Teufelsbauer, M., Rath, B., Plangger, A., Staud, C. J., Nanobashvili, J., Huk, I., Neumayer, C., Hamilton, G., & Radtke, C. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118371 · Cited by 19

Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy—Is There a Place for Metformin?

Poniedziałek‐Czajkowska, E., Mierzyński, R., Dłuski, D. F., & Leszczyńska‐Gorzelak, B. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10132805 · Cited by 20

Kidney-Targeted Drug Delivery System Based on Metformin-Grafted Chitosan for Renal Fibrosis Therapy

Sun, H., Shi, K., Zuo, B., Zhang, X., Liu, Y., Sun, D., & Wang, F. (2022) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00827 · Cited by 19

Novel Approaches for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Update

Kumar, A., Mazumder, R., Rani, A., Pandey, P., & Khurana, N. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998261903230921102620 · Cited by 21

Dinickel enzyme evolved to metabolize the pharmaceutical metformin and its implications for wastewater and human microbiomes

Tassoulas, L. J., Rankin, J. A., Elias, M. H., & Wackett, L. P. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2312652121 · Cited by 23

Metformin Inhibits Tumor Metastasis through Suppressing Hsp90α Secretion in an AMPKα1-PKCγ Dependent Manner

Gong, Y., Wang, C., Jiang, Y., Zhang, S., Feng, S., Fu, Y., & Luo, Y. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9010144 · Cited by 19

Metformin induces lactate accumulation and accelerates renal cyst progression in Pkd1-deficient mice

Chang, M., Tsai, C., Chou, L., Hsu, S., Yang, H., Hung, C., Tian, Y., Ong, A. C. M., & Yang, C. (2021) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab340 · Cited by 19

Metformin diminishes the unfavourable impact of Nrf2 in breast cancer patients with type 2 diabetes

Urpilainen, E., Kangaskokko, J., Puistola, U., & Karihtala, P. (2019) · Tumor Biology · doi:10.1177/1010428318815413 · Cited by 18

The development and benefits of metformin in various diseases

Dong, Y., Qi, Y., Jiang, H., Tian, M., Zhang, Y., Peng, C. S., Li, W.-C., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zang, Y., et al. (2023) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-023-0998-6 · Cited by 21

Lactate-Induced Glucose Output Is Unchanged by Metformin at a Therapeutic Concentration – A Mass Spectrometry Imaging Study of the Perfused Rat Liver

Calza, G., Nyberg, E., Mäkinen, M., Soliymani, R., Cascone, A., Lindholm, D., Barborini, E., Baumann, M., Lalowski, M. M., & Eriksson, O. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00141 · Cited by 19

Metformin Affects Heme Function as a Possible Mechanism of Action

Li, X., Wang, X., & Snyder, M. P. (2018) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.118.200803 · Cited by 18

Impact of metformin on disease control and survival in patients with head and neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study

Lee, D. J., McMullen, C. P., Foreman, A., Huang, S. H., Lu, L., Xu, W., de Almeida, J. R., Liu, G., Bratman, S. V., & Goldstein, D. P. (2019) · Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1186/s40463-019-0348-5 · Cited by 18

Lactational Metformin Exposure Programs Offspring White Adipose Tissue Glucose Homeostasis and Resilience to Metabolic Stress in a Sex-Dependent Manner.

Carlson, Z., Hafner, H., Mulcahy, M. C., Bullock, K., Zhu, A., Bridges, D., Bernal-Mizrachi, E., & Gregg, B. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00473.2019 · Cited by 16

Metformin Overcomes the Consequences of NKX3.1 Loss to Suppress Prostate Cancer Progression

Papachristodoulou, A., Heidegger, I., Virk, R. K., Di Bernardo, M., Kim, J. Y., Laplaca, C., Picech, F., Schäfer, G., De Castro, G. J., Hibshoosh, H., et al. (2024) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2023.07.016 · Cited by 18

A Gene Variant Near0 ATM Affects the Response to Metformin and Metformin Plasma Levels: A Post Hoc Analysis of an RCT

Out, M., Becker, M. L., van Schaik, R. H., Lehert, P., Stehouwer, C. D. A., & Kooy, A. (2018) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs-2018-0010 · Cited by 18

A Cytoplasmic Heme Sensor Illuminates the Impacts of Mitochondrial and Vacuolar Functions and Oxidative Stress on Heme-Iron Homeostasis in Cryptococcus neoformans

Bairwa, G., Sánchez‐León, E., Do, E., Jung, W. H., & Kronstad, J. W. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00986-20 · Cited by 18

Metformin and Adipose Tissue: A Multifaceted Regulator in Metabolism, Inflammation, and Regeneration

Wei, X.-L., Tao, M., Li, R.-H., Ge, S.-H., & Xiao, W. (2025) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2025.2371 · Cited by 17

Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex I in intestinal epithelium to promote glycaemic control

Sebo, Z. L., Chakrabarty, R. P., Grant, R. A., D’Alessandro, K. B., Koss, A., Blum, J. L. E., Davidson, S. M., Reczek, C. R., & Chandel, N. S. (2026) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01530-y · Cited by 21

Current Researches, Rationale, Plausibility, and Evidence Gaps on Metformin for the Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Yang, L., & Zou, L. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.596145 · Cited by 16

Effects of single-nucleotide polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metformin

Li, S., Xu, B., Fan, S., Kang, B., Deng, L., Chen, D., Yang, B., Tang, F., He, Z., Xue, Y., et al. (2022) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2118714 · Cited by 17

Antidiabetic drug metformin suppresses tumorigenesis through inhibition of mevalonate pathway enzyme HMGCS1

Chen, Y., Li, M., Yang, Y., Lü, Y., & Li, X. (2022) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102678 · Cited by 16

Metformin restores autophagic flux and mitochondrial function in late passage myoblast to impede age-related muscle loss

Bang, S., Kim, D., Kang, H., & Lee, J. H. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116981 · Cited by 20

Conjugated fatty acid-rich oil from Gynostrmma pentaphyllum seed can ameliorate lipid and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice

Zhang, M., Du, N., Wang, L., Wang, X., Xiao, Y., Zhang, K., Liu, Q., & Wang, P. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo00712d · Cited by 16

Involvement of mTOR, JNK and PI3K in the negative effect of ethanol and metformin on the human first-trimester extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cell line

Correia‐Branco, A., Keating, E., & Martel, F. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.038 · Cited by 16

Imatinib revives the therapeutic potential of metformin on ewing sarcoma by attenuating tumor hypoxic response and inhibiting convergent signaling pathways

Nan, X., Wang, J., Cheng, H., Yin, Z., Sheng, J., Qiu, B., Lau, C. C., Yustein, J. T., Zhao, H., & Wong, S. T. C. (2019) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.034 · Cited by 15

Palliative effects of metformin on testicular damage induced by triptolide in male rats

Wang, K., Hu, H., Cui, W., Zhang, X., Tang, Q., Liu, N., Lan, X., & Pan, C. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112536 · Cited by 16

Effects of Metformin as Add-On Therapy against Glioblastoma: An Old Medicine for Novel Oncology Therapeutics

Guarnaccia, L., Navone, S. E., Masseroli, M. M., Balsamo, M., Caroli, M., Valtorta, S., Moresco, R. M., Campanella, R., Schisano, L., Fiore, G., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14061412 · Cited by 16

In Utero Exposure to Metformin Reduces the Fertility of Male Offspring in Adulthood

Faure, M., Khoueiry, R., Quanico, J. P., Acloque, H., Guerquin, M.-J., Bertoldo, M. J., Chevaleyre, C., Ramé, C., Fournier, I., Salzet, M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.750145 · Cited by 17

Metformin: Diverse molecular mechanisms, gastrointestinal effects and overcoming intolerance in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A review

Mohamed, S. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000040221 · Cited by 20

Ilexgenin A restrains CRTC2 in the cytoplasm to prevent SREBP1 maturation via AMP kinase activation in the liver

Lu, Y., Jing-Jie, M. A., Li, P., Liu, B., Wen, X., & Yang, J. (2021) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15369 · Cited by 16

Insights into the action of the pharmaceutical metformin: Targeted inhibition of the gut microbial enzyme agmatinase

Tassoulas, L. J., & Wackett, L. P. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108900 · Cited by 17

Unusual shape and structure of lymphocyte nuclei is linked to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients

Martinović, T., Ćirić, D., Pantic, I. V., Lalic, K. S., Rasulić, I., Despotović, S. Z., Lalić, I. M., Djuricic, D., Bumbaširević, V., & Kravic‐Stevovic, T. (2018) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2018.04.005 · Cited by 16

The scope of phytotherapy in southern African antidiabetic healthcare

Sabiu, S., Madende, M., Ajao, A. A., Ogundeji, O. A., Lekena, N., & Alayande, K. A. (2019) · Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa · doi:10.1080/0035919x.2019.1575927 · Cited by 15

Striking a gut–liver balance for the antidiabetic effects of metformin

Barroso, E., Montori-Grau, M., Wahli, W., Palomer, X., & Vázquez‐Carrera, M. (2023) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2023.04.004 · Cited by 14

Patulin suppresses α1-adrenergic receptor expression in HEK293 cells

Pillay, Y., Nagiah, S., Phulukdaree, A., Krishnan, A., & Chuturgoon, A. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77157-0 · Cited by 14

Metformin Perturbs Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Nguyen, L. T. V., Lim, L. Y., Ding, S. S. L., Amirruddin, N. S., Hoon, S. S., Chan, S., & Teo, A. K. K. (2021) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db20-0722 · Cited by 17

Meta-Analysis of Microarray Expression Studies on Metformin in Cancer Cell Lines

Schulten, H.-J., & Bakhashab, S. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20133173 · Cited by 14

MPEG-PCL Nanomicelles Platform for Synergistic Metformin and Chrysin Delivery to Breast Cancer in Mice

Luo, D., Wang, X., Zhong, X., Chang, J., He, M., Wang, H., Li, Y., Zhao, C., Luo, Y., & Ran, L. (2021) · Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1871520621666210623092725 · Cited by 14

Metformin alleviates nickel-refining fumes-induced aerobic glycolysis via AMPK/GOLPH3 pathway in vitro and in vivo

Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Gao, Y., Zhang, D., Jin, S., Yao, W.-X., Li, L., Yang, S., & Wu, Y. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113461 · Cited by 13

Metformin Induces Resistance of Cancer Cells to the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib

Schlesser, C., Meul, T., Stathopoulos, G. T., & Meiners, S. (2022) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom12060756 · Cited by 15

Metformin Lysosomal Targeting: A Novel Aspect to Be Investigated for Metformin Repurposing in Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Papini, N., Giussani, P., & Tringali, C. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25168884 · Cited by 16

Metformin-regulated glucose flux from the circulation to the intestinal lumen

Sakaguchi, K., Sugawara, K., Hosokawa, Y., Ito, J., Morita, Y., Mizuma, H., Watanabe, Y., Kimura, Y., Aburaya, S., Takahashi, M., et al. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-025-00755-4 · Cited by 16

G-protein coupled receptors in metabolic reprogramming and cancer

Ahn, S., & Kaipparettu, B. A. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108849 · Cited by 16

Dreh, a long noncoding RNA repressed by metformin, regulates glucose transport in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells

Takahashi, N., Kimura, A. P., Otsuka, K., Ohmura, K., Naito, S., Yoshida, M., & Ieko, M. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116906 · Cited by 14

AMPK activators for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Neumann, N. R., Thompson, D. C., & Vasiliou, V. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1080/17425255.2021.1991308 · Cited by 13

Metformin: A New Inhibitor of the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Cancer

Conza, D., Mirra, P., Fiory, F., Insabato, L., Nicolò, A., Bèguinot, F., & Ulianich, L. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12172182 · Cited by 12

Biguanides antithetically regulate tumor properties by the dose-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming-driven c-Src pathway

Park, J. H., Jung, K. H., Jia, D., Yang, S., Attri, K. S., Ahn, S., Murthy, D., Samanta, T., Dutta, D., Ghidey, M., et al. (2025) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.101941 · Cited by 13

Incorporation of Sulfonamide Moiety into Biguanide Scaffold Results in Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Markowicz-Piasecka, M., Sadowski, K., Huttunen, J., Sikora, J., & Huttunen, K. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115642 · Cited by 12

The Synergistic Action of Metformin and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer Extract Alleviates Metabolic Disorders in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity

Hong, M.-K., Han, Y., Park, H.-J., Shin, M.-R., Roh, S., & Kwon, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24020936 · Cited by 12

Fatty acid synthase and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase regulate cell survival and drug sensitivity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Gifford, G. K., Gifford, A. J., Chen, Q., Shen, Y., Gabrielli, S., Gill, A. J., Stevenson, W. S., & Best, G. (2020) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.1080/10428194.2020.1742899 · Cited by 11

From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin

Campagnoli, L. I. M., Varesi, A., Fahmideh, F., Hakimizad, R., Petkovic, P., Barbieri, A., Marchesi, N., & Pascale, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199748 · Cited by 15

Cu2+-Surface-Modified Activated Carbon from Nutshells for Enhanced Metformin Removal: Mass Transfer Simulation, Attraction Mechanism and F-Test Studies

Yusop, M. F. M., Rashid, M. M., Alam, M. M., & Ahmad, M. A. (2026) · Water Air & Soil Pollution · doi:10.1007/s11270-026-09183-z · Cited by 11

Plasma exosomal miR-122 regulates the efficacy of metformin via AMPK in type 2 diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma

Peng, H., Hou, M. L., Wu, Z., Wang, J., Zhou, M., Zhuang, X., Xing, J., Tao, Q., Huang, L., Zhou, F., et al. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11503 · Cited by 12

Repurposing Metformin for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Current Insights

Sarkar, A., Fanous, K., Marei, I., Ding, H., Ladjimi, M. M., MacDonald, R. S., Hollenberg, M. D., Anderson, T. J., Hill, M. A., & Triggle, C. R. (2024) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s391808 · Cited by 11

Metformin effect on driving cell survival pathway through inhibition of UVB-induced ROS formation in human keratinocytes

Ribeiro, F. M., Ratti, B. A., Rando, F. D. S., Fernandez, M. A., Ueda‐Nakamura, T., Silva, S. D. O., & Nakamura, C. V. (2020) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2020.111387 · Cited by 11

Inhibitory Action of Antidiabetic Drugs on the Free Radical Production by the Rod Outer Segment Ectopic Aerobic Metabolism

Ravera, S., Caicci, F., Degan, P., Maggi, D. C., Manni, L., Puddu, A., Nicolò, M., Traverso, C. E., & Panfoli, I. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9111133 · Cited by 11

Metformin therapy in pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus and its comorbidities: A review

Alfaraidi, H., & Samaan, M. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1072879 · Cited by 12

Current perspective on the challenges in the development of metformin orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs)

Roslan, M. F., & Widodo, R. T. (2023) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104650 · Cited by 11

TAMEing ADPKD with metformin: safe and effective?

Ong, A. C. M., & Gansevoort, R. T. (2021) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2021.07.021 · Cited by 11

Metformin use and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a nationwide cohort study

Kim, M. H., Oh, H. J., Kwon, S. H., Jeon, J. S., Noh, H., Han, D. C., Kim, H., & Ryu, D. (2021) · Kidney Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.23876/j.krcp.20.222 · Cited by 11

A Review on the Use of Metformin in Pregnancy and Its Associated Fetal Outcomes

Verma, V., & Mehendale, A. M. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.30039 · Cited by 11

The Association of Metformin, Other Antidiabetic Medications, and Statins With the Prognosis of Colon Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Erkinantti, S., Hautakoski, A., Sund, R., Arffman, M., Urpilainen, E., Puistola, U., Jukkola‐Vuorinen, A., Karihtala, P., & Läärä, E. (2022) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/10732748221134090 · Cited by 10

Metformin induction of heat shock factor 1 activation and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response alleviate cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Xu, M., Li, L., He, X., Lu, X., Bi, X., Li, Q., & Xue, X. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400070r · Cited by 11

Metformin inhibits pathological retinal neovascularization but promotes retinal fibrosis in experimental neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Wang, X., Xu, L., Huang, S., Wei, M., Xu, Y., Chen, X. D., Miao, Y., Zong, R., Lin, X., Li, S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1547492 · Cited by 10

Low-dose metformin requires brain Rap1 for its antidiabetic action

Lin, H., Lu, W., He, Y., Fu, Y., Kaneko, K., Huang, P., la Puente-Gomez, A. B. D., Wang, C., Yang, Y., Li, F., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adu3700 · Cited by 13

Metformin Accelerates Glycolytic Lactate Production in Cultured Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

Blumrich, E., & Dringen, R. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-017-2346-1 · Cited by 10

Role of metformin on base excision repair pathway in p53 wild-type H2009 and HepG2 cancer cells

Doğan, İ., Çandar, T., YÜKSEL, E. B., & Demırtaş, S. (2017) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1177/0960327117737145 · Cited by 10

Energy Metabolism | Gluconeogenesis

Harris, R. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819460-7.00143-2 · Cited by 11

NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway: a key target for Metformin

Hosseini, Y., Niknejad, A., Kashani, A. S., Gholami, M., Roustaei, M., Mohammadi, M. K., Momtaz, S., Atkin, S. L., Jamialahmadi, T., Abdolghaffari, A. H., et al. (2025) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-025-01702-4 · Cited by 12

Mitochondria-targeted therapy with metformin and MitoQ reduces oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial function, and restores metabolic homeostasis in a murine model of Gulf War Illness

Cai, L., Swetha, M., Raji, A., Terry, A. V., & Raju, R. P. (2025) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2025.103714 · Cited by 9

The mechanisms of action of metformin on head and neck cancer in the pre-clinical setting: a scoping review

Huang, L., Woods, C. M., Dharmawardana, N., Michael, M., & Ooi, E. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1358854 · Cited by 9

Identification of glucose-independent and reversible metabolic pathways associated with anti-proliferative effect of metformin in liver cancer cells

Islam, S. R., & Manna, S. K. (2024) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-024-02096-0 · Cited by 9

Loss of hexokinase 1 sensitizes ovarian cancer to high-dose metformin

Šimčíková, D., Gardáš, D., Hložková, K., Hruda, M., Žáček, P., Rob, L., & Heneberg, P. (2021) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-021-00277-2 · Cited by 10

Biguanide MC001, a Dual Inhibitor of OXPHOS and Glycolysis, Shows Enhanced Antitumor Activity Without Increasing Lactate Production

Fu, J., Liu, S., Hu, M., Liao, X., Wang, X., Xu, Z., Li, Q., & Quan, J. (2022) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202100674 · Cited by 9

Impact of currently used anti-diabetic drugs on myoendothelial communication

Ding, H., Ye, K., & Triggle, C. R. (2018) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.11.002 · Cited by 9

Comparison of the gamma-Pareto convolution with conventional methods of characterising metformin pharmacokinetics in dogs

Wesolowski, C. A., Wanasundara, S. N., Babyn, P., & Alcorn, J. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-019-09666-z · Cited by 10

Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease

Safo, M. K., Aljahdali, A. S., Burnett, J. C., Abraham, D. J., & Abdulmalik, O. Y. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471266949.bmc270 · Cited by 9

Metformin as a Therapeutic Agent for Obesity-Associated Immune Dysfunction

Rajeev, D., & MacIver, N. J. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.001 · Cited by 10

Cette metformine, si connue. Si méconnue pour ses taux thérapeutiques…

Kajbaf, F., & Lalau, J. (2016) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(16)30155-9

Therapeutic vs. Suprapharmacological Metformin Concentrations: Different Effects on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle Cells in vitro

Pavlović, K., Jakovljevic, N. K., Isakovic, A. M., Ivanovic, T., Marković, I., & Lalic, N. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.930308 · Cited by 30

Vol de glucose par le fœtus !

A., F. (2016) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(16)30124-9

Metformin: A Case Study in the Meaning of Serum Concentrations

Ochs, R. S. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Pharmaceutics & Organic Process Research · doi:10.4172/2329-9053.1000e111 · Cited by 2

La leptine : Le retour !

A., F. (2016) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/s1957-2557(16)30129-8