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Metformin Action: Concentrations Matter
Open accessAbstract
Metformin has been used for nearly a century and is now the most widely prescribed oral anti-diabetic agent worldwide. Yet how metformin acts remains only partially understood and controversial. One key reason may be that almost all previous studies were conducted with supra-pharmacological concentrations (doses) of metformin, 10-100 times higher than maximally achievable therapeutic concentrations found in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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“activation of AMPK by metformin has been observed at much lower metformin concentrations in comparable cell culture protocols using metformin concentrations that are within the upper limits of its therapeutic plasma levels (4, 134).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“In both studies, Arunachalam et al. (110) and Ghosh et al. (111) used 50 μM metformin and justified this concentration on the basis that estimates of metformin levels in the portal circulation following oral absorption are between 40 and 70 μM (4, 181).”
From A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan (2021) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- He, L., & Wondisford, F. E.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wondisford, Fredric E.
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 159-162
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080654617
- Cited by
- 448
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 14.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- metformin, type 2 diabetes, mechanism of action, therapeutic drug concentrations, oral antidiabetic drugs, pharmacokinetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Metformin
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