Resource-rational decision making

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Efficient Coding and Risky Choice

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Rational Inattention Dynamics: Inertia and Delay in Decision-Making

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Human decision making balances reward maximization and policy compression

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Neural implementations of Bayesian inference

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Computational Social Psychology

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Decisions Under Uncertainty as Bayesian Inference on Choice Options

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Not Playing by the Rules: Exploratory Play, Rational Action, and Efficient Search

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Understanding learning through uncertainty and bias

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Rationality, preferences, and emotions with biological constraints: it all starts from our senses

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Social learning with a grain of saltPreprint

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Rational inattention in mice

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Attention Constraints and Learning in Categories

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Towards machines that understand people

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Representational Exchange in Human Social Learning

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Time pressure changes how people explore and respond to uncertaintyPreprint

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Information-theoretic principles in incremental language production

Futrell, R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2220593120 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Novelty as a drive of human exploration in complex stochastic environments

Modirshanechi, A., Lin, W.-H., He, X., Herzog, M. H., & Gerstner, W. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2502193122 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Hyperreactivity to uncertainty is a key feature of subjective cognitive impairment

Attaallah, B., Petitet, P., Slavkova, E., Turner, V., Saleh, Y., Manohar, S., & Masud Husain, B. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.75834 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Developmental changes resemble stochastic optimizationPreprint

Giron, A. P., Ciranka, S., Schulz, E., van den Bos, W., Ruggeri, A., Meder, B., & Wu, C. M. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9f4k3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Understanding Learning Through Uncertainty and BiasPreprint

Bruckner, R., Heekeren, H. R., & Nassar, M. R. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/xjkbg · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Not playing by the rules: Exploratory play, rational action, and efficient search

Chu, J., & Schulz, L. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9yra2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Range-frequency effects can explain and eliminate prevalence-induced concept change

Levari, D. E. (2022) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105196 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Bayesian Reinforcement Learning With Limited Cognitive Load

Arumugam, D., Ho, M. K., Goodman, N. D., & Roy, B. V. (2024) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00132 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Reward prediction error neurons implement an efficient code for reward

Schütt, H. H., Kim, D., & Ma, W. J. (2024) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01671-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Contextualizing predictive minds

Butz, M. V., Mittenbühler, M., Schwöbel, S., Achimova, A., Gumbsch, C., Otte, S., & Kiebel, S. J. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105948 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Representational exchange in human social learning: Balancing efficiency and flexibilityPreprint

Wu, C. M., Vélez, N., & Cushman, F. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rm52c · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Generation Z’s Shopping Behavior in Second-Hand Brick-and-Mortar Stores: Emotions, Gender Dynamics, and Environmental Awareness

Harantová, V., & Mazanec, J. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15040413 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Adaptive planning depth in human problem-solving

Eluchans, M., Lancia, G. L., Maselli, A., D’Alessandro, M., Gordon, J. R., & Pezzulo, G. (2025) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.241161 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

The temporal dynamics of metacognitive experiences track rational adaptations in task performance

Vermeylen, L., Braem, S., Ivanchei, I., Desender, K., García-Román, J., González-García, C., Ruz, M., & Notebaert, W. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00282-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works

The Group Folding Effect: The Role of Collaborative Process Structuring and Social Interaction in Group Work

Ez-Zaouia, M., & Carrillo, R. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3622783 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Exposure to detectable inaccuracies makes children more diligent fact-checkers of novel claims

Orticio, E., Meyer, M., & Kidd, C. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01992-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Identifying Resource-Rational Heuristics for Risky ChoicePreprint

Krueger, P. M., Callaway, F., Gul, S., Griffiths, T. L., & Lieder, F. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/mg7dn · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Reconstructing the Einstellung Effect

Binz, M., & Schulz, E. (2022) · Computational Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1007/s42113-022-00161-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Worth the Work? Monkeys Discount Rewards by a Subjective Adapting Effort Cost

Burrell, M., Pastor‐Bernier, A., & Schultz, W. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0115-23.2023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Political reinforcement learners

Schulz, L., & Bhui, R. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2023.12.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

What’s in a sample? Epistemic uncertainty and metacognitive awareness in risk taking

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(Mal)adaptive Mentalizing in the Cognitive Hierarchy, and Its Link to Paranoia

Alon, N., Schulz, L., Bell, V., Moutoussis, M., Dayan, P., & Barnby, J. M. (2024) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.5334/cpsy.117 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Suboptimal human inference can invert the bias-variance trade-off for decisions with asymmetric evidence

Eissa, T. L., Gold, J. I., Josić́, K., & Kilpatrick, Z. P. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010323 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Bounded rational decision-making models suggest capacity-limited concurrent motor planning in human posterior parietal and frontal cortex

Schach, S., Lindner, A., & Braun, D. A. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010585 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Biases and Variability from Costly Bayesian Inference

Prat-Carrabin, A., Meyniel, F., Tsodyks, M. V., & da Silveira, R. A. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23050603 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Between prudence and paranoia: Theory of Mind gone right, and wrongPreprint

Alon, N., Schulz, L., Dayan, P., & Barnby, J. M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/kh5c4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Active reinforcement learning versus action bias and hysteresis: control with a mixture of experts and nonexperts

Colas, J. T., O’Doherty, J. P., & Grafton, S. T. (2024) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011950 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Efficient numerosity estimation under limited time

Heng, J., Woodford, M., & Polanía, R. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012790 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Towards human digital twin: Reviewing human modelling and simulation

Zhu, E., & Yang, S. L. (2025) · Journal of Industrial Information Integration · doi:10.1016/j.jii.2025.100975 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Effects of the presentation of destination paradoxical features on tourists’ travel intention: the mediating role of destination personality clarity and personality originality with the moderating role of tourists’ experiences

Jian, Y., & Xiaoxuan, G. (2023) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2023.2285931 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Bounded rational response equilibria in human sensorimotor interactions

Lindig-León, C., Schmid, G., & Braun, D. A. (2021) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2094 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

An Information‐Theoretic Account of Availability Effects in Language Production

Futrell, R. (2023) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12716 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Evaluation of heritage preservation in ethnic villages through a sustainable tourist offer utilizing multi-criteria analysis methods

Puška, A., Štilić, A., Nedeljković, M., & Božanić, D. I. (2025) · Tourism and Hospitality Research · doi:10.1177/14673584251334246 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Economic Consequences of Numerical Adaptation

Garagnani, M., & Vieider, F. M. (2025) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976251339195 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Mechanisms of mistrust: A Bayesian account of misinformation learning

Schulz, L., Streicher, Y., Schulz, E., Bhui, R., & Dayan, P. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012814 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Inteligencia de negocios y agilidad organizacional: ¿Son relevantes la toma de decisiones racional e intuitiva?

Gómez-Duque, L. Á., Daza-Torres, J. D., & Arias-Pérez, J. (2023) · Estudios Gerenciales · doi:10.18046/j.estger.2023.167.5542 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

An information-theoretic approach to the typology of spatial demonstratives

Chen, S., Futrell, R., & Mahowald, K. (2023) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105505 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

A rational account of the repulsion effectPreprint

Bhui, R., & Xiang, Y. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hxjqv · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Humans flexibly integrate social information despite interindividual differences in rewardPreprint

Witt, A., Toyokawa, W., Laland, K. N., Gaissmaier, W., & Wu, C. M. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/e4g3q · Cited by 5 · see citing works

The geometry of efficient codes: How rate-distortion trade-offs distort the latent representations of generative models

D’Amato, L., Lancia, G. L., & Pezzulo, G. (2025) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012952 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

EEG-representational geometries and psychometric distortions in approximate numerical judgment

Appelhoff, S., Hertwig, R., & Spitzer, B. (2022) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010747 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Reward prediction error neurons implement an efficient code for rewardPreprint

Schütt, H. H., Kim, D., & Ma, W. J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.11.03.515104 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Adaptive Coding is Optimal in Reinforcement LearningPreprint

Rustichini, A., Soukupova, M., & Palminteri, S. (2023) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4320894 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Zero-shot compositional reasoning in a reinforcement learning settingPreprint

Jagadish, A. K., Binz, M., Saanum, T., Wang, J. X., & Schulz, E. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ymve5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Blatantly false news increases belief in news that is merely implausiblePreprint

Levari, D. E., Martel, C., Orchinik, R., Bhui, R., Seli, P., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/cz7vy · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Resource limitations induce phase transitions in biological information processing

Tottori, T., & Kobayashi, T. J. (2025) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/nz4j-tyv1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Insights into cognitive mechanics from education, developmental psychology and cognitive science

Hartshorne, J. K., & Jing, M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-025-00412-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Classifying Decision Strategies in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making: A Multi-Dimensional Scaling and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Simulation Data

Takemura, K., Tamari, Y., & Ideno, T. (2025) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math13172778 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Action repetition biases choice in context-dependent decision-making

Wagner, B., Wolf, H. B., & Kiebel, S. J. (2025) · Communications Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44271-025-00363-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Shared Minds: The Cognitive Parallels Between Humans and Artificial Intelligence

Tremblay, S., Marois, A., Zare, M., & Lafond, D. (2026) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/9946143 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Studying Embodied Decisions in the Wild and in the Lab

Gordon, J. R., Lancia, G. L., Eluchans, M., Maselli, A., Thiery, T., Cisek, P., & Pezzulo, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08629-8_15 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

How generalization relates to the exploration-exploitation tradeoff

Houser, T. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Cognition · doi:10.3389/fcogn.2023.1132766 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Rare and extreme outcomes in risky choice

Mason, A., Ludvig, E. A., Spetch, M. L., & Madan, C. R. (2023) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-023-02415-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Neurometabolic signaling and control of policy complexityPreprint

Tesmer, A. L., Pola, C. D., Gilli, D., Grujic, N., Bracey, E. F., Patriarchi, T., Peleg‐Raibstein, D., Polanía, R. H., & Burdakov, D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.24.639890 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Exploring the bounded rationality in human decision anomalies through an assemblable computational framework

Yi-long, L., Lu, Y., Ren, X., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2025.101713 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

School health promotion: a professional practice in an institutional context

Elsayed, H. (2025) · Health Education · doi:10.1108/he-04-2024-0057 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Rational Framework for Group-Based Selective Social Learning

Taylor-Davies, M., Bramley, N. R., & Lucas, C. G. (2025) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00205 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Adaptation of the Decision‐Making Questionnaire Into Turkish: Exploring Its Association With Cognitive Flexibility

Yalın, F. A., & Aydın, A. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70141 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Estimating the motor exploration in reinforcement learning

Zai, A. T., Lorenz, C., Srikantharajah, S., Giret, N., & Hahnloser, R. H. R. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.114398 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A Probabilistic Modeling Approach to Decision Strategies: Predicting Expected Information Search and Decision Time in Multi-Attribute Choice Tasks with Varying Numbers of Attributes and Alternatives

Takemura, K., Murakami, H., & Tamari, Y. (2026) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math14010168 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

GENESIS: A Generative model of Episodic–Semantic Interaction

D’Alessandro, M., D’Amato, L., Elkano, M., Uriz, M., & Pezzulo, G. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106627 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Exploring aversion loss: a theoretical perspective over behavioral positive and negative markers

Marcu, R., Rad, G., & Rad, D. (2024) · Technium Social Sciences Journal · doi:10.47577/tssj.v60i1.11489 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Enriching Psychological Research by Exploring the Source and Nature of Noise

Sundh, J., Millroth, P., Collsiöö, A., & Juslin, P. (2025) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916241235889 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Present-Focused Behavior as a Rational Adaptation to Precarity

Mitra, A., Srinivasan, N., & Srivastava, N. (2025) · Open Mind · doi:10.1162/opmi_a_00195 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Structuring the environment nudges participants toward hierarchical over shortest path planning

Simonelli, V., Nuzzi, D., Lancia, G. L., & Pezzulo, G. (2025) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2025.103908 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The combined effect of music-induced emotions and neuromodulation on economic decision making: a tDCS study

Colombo, B., & Iannello, P. (2022) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2022.2084546 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

“Value” Emerges from Imperfect Memory

Ramírez‐Ruiz, J., & Ebitz, R. B. (2024) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-71533-4_24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The Rational Use of Cognitive ResourcesPreprint

Lieder, F., Callaway, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/wgpr3_v1

Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources

Lieder, F., & Griffiths, T. L. (2020) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x1900061x · Cited by 892 · see citing works

Resource Rationality

Icard, T. (n.d.) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Beyond bounded rationality: Reverse-engineering and enhancing human intelligence

Lieder, F. (2018) · ProQuest Demo Repository · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.16888.55041 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Decoy Effect and Violation of Betweenness in Risky Decision Making: A Resource-Rational Mechanistic Account.

Nobandegani, A. S., Castanheira, K. D. S., Shultz, T. R., & Otto, A. R. (2019) · Cognitive Science · Cited by 4 · see citing works