The DOI matches its Crossref record; 62 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sleep and circadian regulation of cortisol: A short review
Open accessAbstract
The central circadian pacemaker (CCP) located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus drives the 24-hour pattern in cortisol, which functions as the main central synchronizing signal that coordinates peripheral clocks in organs that control whole body metabolism. A superimposed pulsatile pattern of cortisol allows rapid responses that fine tune the body's reaction to changes in the environment. In addition to coordinating metabolic processes to predictable environmental events, cortisol is the main catabolic signal which acts with testosterone, the quintessential male anabolic hormone, to maintain catabolic-anabolic homeostasis in men. Sleep restriction, when sufficiently substantial, increases late afternoon/early evening cortisol, but does not alter 24-hour cortisol; whereas even maximal acute circadian misalignment only slightly delays the cortisol rhythm. Prolonged circadian misalignment decreases overall cortisol exposure. The implications of these regulatory changes on health and disease requires further evaluation.
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“Experimental administration of glucocorticoid synchronizes the peripheral clocks located in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue which are the major storage sites for glycogen, protein, and fat, respectively, as well as other metabolically relevant organs such as pancreas and gut [60–63].”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
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“This rhythm is important for its action because cortisol, not melatonin, is recognized to be the key metabolic central synchronizing signal [60–62].”
From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
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Citations
Cites
Coordination of circadian timing in mammals
Reppert, S. M., & Weaver, D. R. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00965 · Cited by 4,379
Mechanisms for Insulin Resistance: Common Threads and Missing Links
Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.017 · Cited by 2,294
Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Mammals
Mohawk, J. A., Green, C. B., & Takahashi, J. S. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128 · Cited by 2,265
The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease
Besedovsky, L., Lange, T., & Haack, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00010.2018 · Cited by 1,479
Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health
Irwin, M. R. (2019) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-019-0190-z · Cited by 1,138
Adverse Effects of Modest Sleep Restriction on Sleepiness, Performance, and Inflammatory Cytokines
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Time for food: the intimate interplay between nutrition, metabolism, and the circadian clock
Asher, G., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.015 · Cited by 844
Feast and Famine: Critical Role of Glucocorticoids with Insulin in Daily Energy Flow
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Sleep Loss Results in an Elevation of Cortisol Levels the Next Evening
(1997) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.10.865 · Cited by 745
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic Stress and Autoimmunity: The Role of HPA Axis and Cortisol Dysregulation
Nunez, S. G., Rabelo, S. P., Subotic, N., Caruso, J. W., & Knezevic, N. N. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26209994 · Cited by 138
“The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system composed of hormones, signaling pathways, and feedback loops that regulate various physiological processes [15].”
Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men
Liu, P. Y., & Reddy, R. T. (2022) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-022-09755-4 · Cited by 80
Self-citationWaking Up to the Importance of Sleep in Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Narrative Review.
Henson, J., Covenant, A., Hall, A. P., Herring, L., Rowlands, A. V., Yates, T., & Davies, M. J. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci23-0037 · Cited by 69
Understanding neuron-glia crosstalk and biological clocks in insomnia
Carvalhas-Almeida, C., Serra, J., Moita, J. J., Cavadas, C., & Álvaro, A. R. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105100 · Cited by 41
Rhythms in cortisol mediate sleep and circadian impacts on health
Liu, P. Y. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae151 · Cited by 40
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- O'Byrne, N. A., Yuen, F., Butt, W. Z., & Liu, P. Y.
- Affiliations
- The Lundquist Institute (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Peter Y.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 18
- Pages
- 178-186
- ISSN
- 2451-9650 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8813037
- OpenAlex
- W3152175603
- Cited by
- 145
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- cortisol, circadian rhythm, sleep, suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian misalignment, sleep restriction, testosterone
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