Cited by 2,265Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueNonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation

Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks in Mammals

Open access
Mohawk, Jennifer A., Green, Carla B., Takahashi, Joseph S.·2012·Annual Review of Neuroscience

Abstract

The circadian system of mammals is composed of a hierarchy of oscillators that function at the cellular, tissue, and systems levels. A common molecular mechanism underlies the cell-autonomous circadian oscillator throughout the body, yet this clock system is adapted to different functional contexts. In the central suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a coupled population of neuronal circadian oscillators acts as a master pacemaker for the organism to drive rhythms in activity and rest, feeding, body temperature, and hormones. Coupling within the SCN network confers robustness to the SCN pacemaker, which in turn provides stability to the overall temporal architecture of the organism. Throughout the majority of the cells in the body, cell-autonomous circadian clocks are intimately enmeshed within metabolic pathways. Thus, an emerging view for the adaptive significance of circadian clocks is their fundamental role in orchestrating metabolism.

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Crossref · 10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128

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  • Experimental administration of glucocorticoid synchronizes peripheral clocks in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gut.

    “Experimental administration of glucocorticoid synchronizes the peripheral clocks located in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue which are the major storage sites for glycogen, protein, and fat, respectively, as well as other metabolically relevant organs such as pancreas and gut [60–63].”

    From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [63]

    The 'Hormonal Control of Peripheral Oscillators' section (page unavailable) says that dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid analog, shifts peripheral clock-gene expression in vivo and that glucocorticoids can synchronize much of the liver circadian transcriptome in SCN-lesioned mice. It names liver, kidney, heart, and cultured fibroblasts for phase shifting, but does not establish synchronization in muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, or gut. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Resetting of the peripheral clock occurs through molecular mechanisms involving direct interaction of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid response elements and regulatory regions of core clock genes Bmal1, Cry1, Per1 and Per2.

    “Resetting of the peripheral clock occurs through well-defined molecular mechanisms that involve direct interaction of glucocorticoids, glucocorticoid response elements and the regulatory regions of core clock genes Bmal1, Cry1, Per1 and Per2 [63, 64].”

    From Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men (2022) · cites this paper as [63]

    The “Hormonal Control of Peripheral Oscillators” section reports that a glucocorticoid analog shifts peripheral clock phases and that glucocorticoid-response elements occur in the regulatory regions of Bmal1, Cry1, Per1, and Per2. It says these elements may lead to transcriptional activation; it does not establish the claimed direct interaction as a well-defined resetting mechanism. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Yamamoto T Nakahata Y Tanaka M Yoshida M Soma H Acute physical stress elevates mouse period1 mRNA expression in mouse peripheral tissues via a glucocorticoid-responsive element J. Biol. Chem 2005b 280 42036 42043 16249183

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Authors
Mohawk, J. A., Green, C. B., & Takahashi, J. S.
Affiliations
  • Department of Neuroscience,
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
Takahashi, Joseph S.
Venue
Annual Review of Neuroscience
Published
2012-07-21
Volume
35
Issue
1
Pages
445-462
ISSN
  • 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1545-4126
OpenAlex
W2164824098
Cited by
2,265
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 149 · 2025: 194 · 2024: 189 · 2023: 182 · 2022: 197 · 2021: 202 · 2020: 201 · 2019: 150 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 144 · 2016: 154 · 2015: 129 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 89 · 2012: 11
FWCI
12.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (5p50mh074924-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P50 MH-074924, R01MH078024)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
Keywords
circadian clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus, central pacemaker, peripheral circadian oscillators, cell-autonomous clock, metabolic rhythms, metabolism, feeding rhythm, body temperature rhythm, hormonal rhythms
MeSH terms
Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Feeding Behavior, Mammals, Methamphetamine, Models, Biological, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Signal Transduction, Circadian Clocks

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