The time course of anticipatory constraint integration

“(2003) suggest one more alternative: simple recurrent networks (SRNs; Elman, 1990).”

“One possible alternative to Kuperberg’s dual stream framework comes from ‘‘satisficing’’ (good enough, nonmaximizing; Simon, 1956) parsing theories; the ‘‘good enough representations’’ of Ferreira and colleagues (e.”

“However , a model like TRACE ( McClelland & Elman , 1986 ) predicts such effects without explicit tracking of word onsets or offsets , or any explicit representation of a discrete set of possible completions .”

“But if this were so, why should it be a general property of self-organizing systems that they activate or prime representation or structure that is incompatible with predictions afforded by, for example, a word onset (in the case of rhyme activation), a role clearly having been filled (as in priming in the current stu…”

“…information impacts a listener's interpretation is a point of serious contention among theories of sentence processing (e.g., Frazier & Fodor, 1978; MacDonald, Pearlmutter, & Seidenberg, 1994), and has been the focus of considerable research in psycholinguistics (e.g., Duffy, Morris, & Rayner,…”

“, Shillcock & Bard , 1993 ; Swinney , 1979 ) , we increased both in Experiment 2 .”

“These results from the ERP literature add further credence to the possibility that in situations like those used by Altmann and Kamide (1999), ''anticipation'' of cake given The boy will eat. . . could be driven at least in part by local priming of thematic (or event or situation) knowledge at the…”

“This would be analogous to fixations to rhymes in spoken word recognition studies (e.g., looking at speaker given the unambiguous input beaker; Allopenna et al., 1998).”

“…where top-down expectations, based on past experiences and entrenched memory traces, combine, in on-line processing, with the bottom-up requirements of input stimuli (Berger et al. 1996; Kukona et al. 2011; Seidenberg and MacDonald 1999; Spivey and Tanenhaus 1998; Tabor and Tanenhaus 1999); –”

“For instance, Kukona et al. (2011) had participants listen to sentences such as “ Toby arrests the crook ” while viewing scenes containing an object that could serve as the patient (e.g. a robber) but also an object that could serve as the agent (e.g. a policeman).”

“For example, Kukona et al. (2011) found that listeners initially predictively fixated not only contextually appropriate referents but also referents associated with the verb, even when they were not semantically compatible with the context (see also Corps et al., 2022; Kukona et al., 2014).”

“For example, Kukona et al. (2011) presented auditory sentences such as Bill will arrest … alongside images of a robber, a policeman, and unrelated distractors.”

“…role in language production and comprehension because they denote events and states, and they facilitate linguistic prediction by constraining likely event participants (Altmann & Kamide, 1999; Ferretti et al., 2001; Kamide et al., 2003; Kukona et al., 2011; McRae et al., 1997; McRae et al., 1998).”