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Cited by 20Memory Processes and InfluencesMemory and Neural MechanismsCognitive Functions and Memory

Dissociation of item and source memory in rhesus monkeys

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Basile, Benjamin M., Hampton, Robert R.·2017·Cognition
DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.009PMC PMC5549443
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Abstract

Source memory, or memory for the context in which a memory was formed, is a defining characteristic of human episodic memory and source memory errors are a debilitating symptom of memory dysfunction. Evidence for source memory in nonhuman primates is sparse despite considerable evidence for other types of sophisticated memory and the practical need for good models of episodic memory in nonhuman primates. A previous study showed that rhesus monkeys confused the identity of a monkey they saw with a monkey they heard, but only after an extended memory delay. This suggests that they initially remembered the source - visual or auditory - of the information but forgot the source as time passed. Here, we present a monkey model of source memory that is based on this previous study. In each trial, monkeys studied two images, one that they simply viewed and touched and the other that they classified as a bird, fish, flower, or person. In a subsequent memory test, they were required to select the image from one source but avoid the other. With training, monkeys learned to suppress responding to images from the to-be-avoided source. After longer memory intervals, monkeys continued to show reliable item memory, discriminating studied images from distractors, but made many source memory errors. Monkeys discriminated source based on study method, not study order, providing preliminary evidence that our manipulation of retention interval caused errors due to source forgetting instead of source confusion. Finally, some monkeys learned to select remembered images from either source on cue, showing that they did indeed remember both items and both sources. This paradigm potentially provides a new model to study a critical aspect of episodic memory in nonhuman primates.

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  • Source memory is a characteristic component of episodic memory in humans.

    “as source memories are embedded within episodic memories, they are a characteristic component of episodic memory in humans [99,101,103,104].”

    From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [103]

  • Rhesus macaques have demonstrated evidence for source memory formation in an item versus source memory discrimination task.

    “Rhesus macaques have demonstrated evidence for source memory formation in an item versus source memory discrimination task, in which subjects were asked to recall the items they previously encountered, discriminating between these and novel items, and then identifying the context surrounding their presentation [103].”

    From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [103]

  • Rhesus macaques showed a decline in source memory discrimination performance (but not item memory) as the retention interval increased between encoding and retrieval.

    “For example, Rhesus macaques showed a decline in source memory discrimination performance (but not item memory) as the retention interval increased between encoding and retrieval [103].”

    From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [103]

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Authors
Basile, B. M., & Hampton, R. R.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Basile, Benjamin M.
ORCID
Venue
Cognition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-09
Volume
166
Pages
398-406
ISSN
0010-0277 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cognition.2017.06.009
PMC
PMC5549443
OpenAlex
W2626430568
Cited by
20
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cognition (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01M H082819)
  • National Science Foundation (0745573, 1146316)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P51RR000165)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords
source memory, item memory, episodic memory, rhesus monkeys, nonhuman primate model, memory delay, source confusion, memory suppression, retention interval
MeSH terms
Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Cognition, Macaca mulatta, Male, Photic Stimulation, Memory, Episodic

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