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The immunology of influenza virus-associated bacterial pneumonia.
Open accessAbstract
Infection with influenza virus has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for more than a hundred years. Severe disease and increased mortality often results from bacterial super-infection of patients with influenza virus infection. Preceding influenza infection alters the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, allowing increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Recent advances in the field have helped to define how influenza alters the immune response to bacteria through the dysregulation of phagocytes, antimicrobial peptides, and lymphocytes. Viral-induced interferons play a key role in altering the phenotype of the immune response. Potential genetic modifiers of disease will help to define additional immunologic mechanisms that predispose to viral, bacterial super-infection with the overarching goal of developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat disease.
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“Studies have shown a 90% reduction of alveolar macrophages in mice within a week of influenza infection, and evidence of necrosis in the remaining macrophages (Robinson et al., 2015).”
From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Robinson et al., 2015
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Metadata
- Authors
- Robinson, K. M., Kolls, J. K., & Alcorn, J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 34
- Pages
- 59-67
- ISSN
- 0952-7915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4444379
- OpenAlex
- W2088299538
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Parker B. Francis Fellowship (KMR)
- NIH (R01 HL107380, R37 HL079142)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- influenza virus, secondary bacterial infection, secondary bacterial pneumonia, immune dysregulation, phagocytes, antimicrobial peptides, lymphocytes, interferon, genetic susceptibility, host immune response
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Influenza, Human, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Phagocytes, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumonia, Bacterial
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