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Cited by 76Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryBipolar Disorder and Treatment

Depressive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: different effects on clinical features

Rocca, Paola, Bellino, Silvio, Calvarese, Paolo, Marchiaro, Livio, Patria, Luca, Rasetti, Roberta, Bogetto, Filippo·2005·Comprehensive Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.09.001
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Abstract

Objective The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms were significantly associated with functional outcome measures in a clinically stable group of outpatients with schizophrenia. We also analyzed whether depressive and negative symptoms presented different patterns of predictors.Method Seventy-eight consecutive outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria for schizophrenia in the stable period were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Assessment were performed using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale-severity, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, and Quality of Life Scale. A neuropsychologic battery including the vocabulary and block design subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Continuous Performance Test was also administered to the patients. Two multiple regressions were performed testing demographic and clinical factors, rating scales, and cognitive measures as independent variables and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and PANSS-negative subscale scores as dependent variables.Results Four variables were predictors of depressive symptoms in our sample of schizophrenic patients: 2 outcome measures (Sheehan Disability Scale and Quality of Life Scale), gender, and Continuous Performance Test reaction time. Predictors of negative symptoms were the measures of severity of psychopathology (Clinical Global Impression Scale-severity and PANSS-general psychopathology subscale) and the cognitive tests Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised block design and Wechsler Memory Scale.Conclusion We found that depressive symptoms in schizophrenia are mainly a function of the level of social adjustment and quality of life, whereas negative symptoms constitute an indicator of severity of schizophrenia. The 2 symptom dimensions showed also distinct cognitive correlates.

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Authors
Rocca, P., Bellino, S., Calvarese, P., Marchiaro, L., Patria, L., Rasetti, R., & Bogetto, F.
Affiliations
University of Turin (IT)
Corresponding author
Rocca, Paola
ORCID
Venue
Comprehensive Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-07
Volume
46
Issue
4
Pages
304-310
ISSN
0010-440X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.09.001
OpenAlex
W2023289842
Cited by
76
References
83
Citations by year
2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
schizophrenia, depressive symptoms, negative symptoms, functional outcome, quality of life, social adaptation, disability, symptom severity, cognitive correlates, predictors of depression, outpatients
MeSH terms
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Demography, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Severity of Illness Index, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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