Neurocognition in schizophrenia: a 20-year multi-follow-up of the course of processing speed and stored knowledge
Open accessAbstract
Individuals with schizophrenia have relative deficits in cognition, although little is known regarding the course of such deficits across the life span and at various stages of the illness. Furthermore, the relationship between psychosis and cognition has not been adequately explored to this point. Prospective, longitudinal, multi-assessment studies of the same patients across time are rare in the field and provide a unique opportunity to examine long-term changes in cognition among individuals with schizophrenia. As part of The Chicago Follow-up Study, we prospectively assessed 244 psychiatric inpatients, including individuals with schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and nonpsychotic depression. Assessments were conducted 7 times (once at index hospitalization and then 6 times subsequently for the next 20 years) to provide longitudinal data about cognition and symptoms, with a focus on 2 aspects of cognition: processing speed and the ability to access general knowledge. The Digit Symbol-Coding and Information subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale were used to measure the 2 cognitive domains at each assessment. At all 7 assessments, individuals with schizophrenia performed more poorly than the other diagnostic groups on the 2 cognitive measures. However, after the acute phase (index hospitalization), individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated significant improvements in cognition and did not show evidence of cognitive decline over the remaining 6 assessments spanning 20 years. Our data support the presence of relative cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, as well as a pattern of stability in some cognitive areas after the acute phase. In addition, we find evidence for an association between relative cognitive impairment and psychosis.
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Cognitive impairments are generally stable over relatively short periods of time in the longitudinal course of schizophrenia.
“Although cognitive impairments are generally stable over relatively short periods of time in the longitudinal course of schizophrenia58–60 cognitive function is age dependent in healthy controls and schizophrenia samples.”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Bonner-Jackson, A., Grossman, L. S., Harrow, M., & Rosen, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Rosen, Cherise
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 471-479
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2927366
- OpenAlex
- W2134886115
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068688, MH 26341, R37MH026341, R01MH068688)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, neurocognitive function, processing speed, general knowledge, cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, psychosis, cognitive stability, long-term follow-up, non-psychotic depression
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aging, Chicago, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Comorbidity, Disease Progression
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