Patient Health Questionnaire: Greek language validation and subscale factor structure
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Greek translation of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) in a sample of Cypriot, Greek-speaking university students. This is the first study to examine PHQ psychometric properties in Greek and to investigate the factor structure of the PHQ subscales. A total of 520 participants (73.9% women; M(Age) = 21.57; SD, 4.94) completed the PHQ and assessment tools used for convergent validity analysis. Patient Health Questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted according to international standards. Overall, PHQ subscales in Greek language demonstrated good internal consistency (mean Cronbach α = .75, P < .001) and convergent validity with the following: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Beck Depression Inventory, Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (panic disorder, somatization, bulimia, and binge eating), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (overall mean, r = 0.52; P < .001). The relation between the PHQ subscale diagnoses and functional impairment, as assessed by the 12-item Health Survey 12, was comparable with the original validation results for all subscales except alcohol. The depression, alcohol, and anxiety subscales exhibited single-factor structures. Subscales assessing eating disorders, panic disorder, and somatization difficulties exhibited 2-, 3-, and 4-factor structures, respectively. Overall, PHQ subscales demonstrated good psychometric properties, with the exceptio…
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The study used standardized questionnaires PHQ-9, BAI, and CAGE to assess depression, anxiety, and problematic alcohol consumption.
“Για την ποσοτική αξιολόγηση της τρέχουσας καταθλιπτικής και αγχώδους συμπτωματολογίας, καθώς και της προβληματικής κατανάλωσης αλκοόλ, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, αντίστοιχα, οι κλίμακες Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 27,28 ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI 29,30 ) και CAGE. 31,32”
From Clinical presentation and requests for support of people with HIV/AIDS seeking counselling and psychotherapy in Greece (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
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An arabic translation, reliability, and validation of Patient Health Questionnaire in a Saudi sample
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- Authors
- Karekla, M., Pilipenko, N., & Feldman, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cyprus (CY)
- Yeshiva University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Karekla, Maria
- Venue
- Comprehensive Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1217-1226
- ISSN
- 0010-440X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984291973
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Comprehensive Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Nicosia
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Education › Health Education and Validation
- Keywords
- Patient Health Questionnaire, Greek translation, cross-cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, factor structure, depression screening, anxiety screening, eating disorders, panic disorder, somatization, alcohol abuse, university students
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cyprus, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Language, Male, Mass Screening, Primary Health Care, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Students, Translating, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Young Adult
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