Systematic review on somatization in a transcultural context among teenagers and young adults: Focus on the nosography blur
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Aims: Somatic complaints are a frequent cause for consultation in primary care. In a transcultural context, somatic complaints are typically associated with psychological distress. A recent review about somatic symptom disorders in adolescence showed some nosographic heterogeneity and outlined various etiological hypotheses (traumatic, environmental, or neurologic), separate from the cross-cultural considerations. Migrants' children encounter specific problems involving cultural mixing-issues of filiation (familial transmission) and affiliation (belonging to a group). This paper aims to provide a systematic review of somatization in transcultural contexts among teenagers and young adults, aged 13 to 24, over the past decade. Methods: This review adheres to the quality criteria set forth by the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two authors queried three English databases (Medline, PsycInfo, WebOfScience) about somatization in transcultural contexts (migrant or non-Western population) among teenagers (13–18), young adults (19–24), or both. The methodological process comprised articles selection, data extraction, and then the analysis of emerging themes. Setting selection criteria to limit the transcultural field was difficult. Results: The study analyzed 68 articles. We present a descriptive analysis of the results, centered on three main themes. First, the literature highlights a nosographic muddle reflected in the combination of anxious and depressive symptoms together with the highly variable symptomatology. Second, discrimination issues were prevalent among the migrant population. Lastly, the literature review points out possibilities for improving a care pathway and reducing the diagnostic delay induced by migrants' hesitancy about Western care and the recurrent use of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. Conclusion: This review discusses the links between the nosographic muddle described here and the diagnostic delays these patients experience and raises concerns about rigid diagnostic compartmentalization. The work of the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon is here useful to understand externalized symptoms resulting from physical and psychological confinement. Discrimination issues raise questions about the cultural counter-transference health professionals experience in dealing with young migrants. Defining healthcare professionals' representations about somatic complaints in a transcultural context might be a fruitful path to explore in future research. Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021294132. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021294132.
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Exposure-based strategies (gradual exposure to sleep-related cues) reduce panic-related sleep disturbance.
“Exposure-based strategies, such as gradual exposure to sleep-related cues, have shown efficacy in reducing panic-related sleep disturbance in controlled trials [111,112].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [111]
Section 3.3.2 (page unavailable) discusses treatments for somatization, including psychotherapy and restoring sleep/wake rhythms, but does not address exposure to sleep-related cues or panic-related sleep disturbance. Searches for those terms and for controlled trials found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Milburn, N. G., Klomhaus, A. M., Comulada, W. S., Lopez, S. A., Bath, E. P. J., Amani, B., Jackson, J., Lee, A., Rice, E. R. W., Semaan, A., et al. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01157-9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Cited by
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Mahirah, D., Lim, J. M., Chew, M. S.-L., Peddapalli, N., Ho, C. Z.-H., Marimuttu, V. J., Chen, H. Y., Sung, S. C., Ho, Y.-C. L., & Loh, C. B.-L. (2025) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-025-00582-w · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kline, C. L., Shamshair, S., Kullgren, K. A., Leber, S. M., & Malas, N. (2022) · Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.10.266 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Abhijita, B., Balasubramanian, I., Padhy, S. K., & Mishra, S. (2025) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640251374137 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A review on somatic symptoms and emotion regulation from a cultural perspective
Kaynar-Yaman, G. (2025) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2025.2604652 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Duruk, B. (2025) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941251390458 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Im, H., Swan, L. E. T., & George, N. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-023-01145-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Qi, H., Zhang, E., Chen, M., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Duan, Q., et al. (2025) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-025-00408-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Lv, M., Che, H., Hu, J., Yu, W., Liu, Z., Zhou, X., Zhou, B., Xie, J., & Wang, F. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0338971 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Associations of generalized and social anxiety with somatic symptoms in Japanese university students
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Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice.
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Psychotherapeutic models on somatization across cultures
Mamtani, H., Chandna, A. S., Phurailatpam, S., & Chaturvedi, S. K. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780192858290.003.0021
Bodily Distress Disorder and Dissociative Disorders
Rask, C. U., & Kallesøe, K. H. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009110266.018
Nguyen, T. T., Le, M. L., Tran, S. N., Tran, Q. T., Diep, D. H., Pham, L., & Nguyen, H. L. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3943877/v1
DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND SOMATIC MANIFESTATION OF ENDOMETRIOSIS: AN UPDATED REVIEW
Bugała, A. A., Markuszewska, A., Wendt, J., Andrzejewski, A., Raether, D., Wcisłek, O., & Chmielecka, U. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4578
Ludot, M., Harf, A., Ibrahim, N., Sibéoni, J., & Moro, M. R. (2025) · La psychiatrie de l enfant · doi:10.3917/psye.682.0281
Self-citationLambert, M., Radjack, R., Mouhab, A., Mansouri, M., & Moro, M. R. (2026) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/90084
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Actual and clinician-predicted IOP-29 scores in a clinical setting
Berry, J., Shores, E. A., & Batchelor, J. (2026) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050067.2026.2683188
Cultural Dimensions of Emotional Disorders in Iran: A Qualitative Study
Zarean, M., Hamidi, S., Mohammadi, A., & Abdolmohammadi, K. (2026) · Human Arenas · doi:10.1007/s42087-026-00689-w
- Authors
- Salmon, M., Sibeoni, J., Harf, A., Moro, M. R., & Ludot-Grégoire, M.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Salmon, Mathilde
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2022-07-25
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 897002-897002
- ISSN
- 1664-0640 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9358691
- OpenAlex
- W4287307782
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Identity, and Health
- Keywords
- somatization, somatic symptom disorder, transcultural context, migrant youth, adolescents, young adults, delayed diagnosis, discrimination, Frantz Fanon, somatic symptoms, anxiety and depressive symptoms, primary care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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